不同生物有机肥对甜瓜土传枯萎病防治效果及对根际土壤微生物区系的影响

Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers on fusarium wilt control and on the rhizosphere microbial community with muskmelon

采用盆栽试验和平板培养及DGGE技术研究施用不同生物有机肥(BIO)对甜瓜土传枯萎病防治效果和根际土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥使甜瓜生物量和防病率明显增高。在挂果期,含Bacillus subtilis Y-IV1的BIO1与含Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T37的BIO2混合施用处理的甜瓜鲜质量和干质量分别增加139%、287%,防病率达到了90.9%;施用生物有机肥处理根际细菌和放线菌数量相对于对照明显增多,而真菌和病原菌的数量显著减少。BIO1与BIO2混合施用对根际土壤微生物数量的影响最显著。结论:使用混合型生物有机肥对土传病害防治效果最好,明显促进作物生长,改善土壤微生物区系,对连作病害土壤的修复作用显著。

Pot experiment were conducted to study the effect of different bio-organic fertilizers（BIO）on the control of fusarium wilt of muskmelon and rhizosphere microflora in a continuous cropping muskmelon soil by means of dilution plate counting and DGGE technology.The results showed that application of BIO could significantly increase muskmelon biomass and decrease incidence of the soil born disease.In the fruiting period,the plant fresh weight and dry weight under the mixed application of Bacillus subtilis Y-IV1（BIO1）with Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T37（BIO2）increased by 139% and 287% respectively,and the disease control rate was as high as 90.9%.The number of bacteria and actinomycota in rhizosphere soil siginificantly increased under all treatments of BIO applications compared to the control.In contrast,fungi and pathogen density was dramatically higher than those in the rhizosphere of the control treatment.The changes in microbes in the rhizosphere was the most notable under the mixed application of BIO1 with BIO2.Thus,application of hybrid BIOs significantly increased the disease control efficiency,promoted the growth of muskmelon,improved soil microflora in the rhizoplane and accelerated biological mediation in continuous cropping diseased soil.