土壤管理方式对梨园土壤性状及树体生长的影响

Effects of different soil management on soil properties and pear tree growth

通过田间试验研究土壤管理方式对梨园土壤理化性状、微生物生物量及树体生长的影响。结果表明:行间种植三叶草和覆膜均能够降低土壤容重,增加孔隙度。行间种植三叶草显著提高梨园土壤有机质、速效磷及微量元素含量,而覆膜处理使土壤全氮、速效磷、钾养分含量下降,微量元素含量上升。与清耕对照相比,行间三叶草显著提高各个生育时期土壤微生物数量、微生物量碳及氮、梨树叶面积、叶绿素含量、新梢长度和叶片光合特性;而覆膜显著提高叶片的光合特性,但对树体生长指标影响不显著。

The effects of different soil management on soil physical and chemical properties in pear orchard,soil microbial populations,soil microbial biomass and tree growth were investigated in this study.The results indicated that the inter-planting white clover and plastic mulching reduced the soil bulk density and increased the soil porosity.The inter-planting white clover significantly increased soil organic matter,available phosphorus and microelement content,but the plastic mulching decreased soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and increased microelement content.Compared with the cleaning tillage（CK）,the inter-planting white clover could maximize the number of soil microorganisms and soil microbial biomass carbon（SMBC）,and soil microbial biomass nitrogen（SMBN）in each growth period and also could significantly improve leaf area,chlorophyll content,shoot length and leaf photosynthetic characteristics.The plastic mulching improved photosynthesis obviously,but had no significant effects on tree growth indicators.