某医科大学学生认知特征及其对抑郁的影响

Effect of cognitive characteristic and its influence on depressive symptoms among college students in a medical university

目的探讨大学生归因风格、应对方式及功能失调性态度等认知特征与抑郁症状发生之间的关系,为在大学生中开展抑郁高危人群筛查和抑郁的预防干预提供依据。方法以安徽省合肥市某医科大学为研究现场,以该校临床医学专业一年级298名无抑郁症状的在校大学生为研究对象,分别于0.5 a和1 a后进行2次随访调查。结果参加第1次和第2次随访的学生分别为254人和278人,随访率分别为85.2%和93.3%。Cox回归分析表明,男生抑郁症状发生的危险是女生的2.52倍(95%CI:1.45～4.39),采取消极应对和功能失调性态度异常者均为抑郁症状发生的危险因素(RR=1.65,95%CI:0.93～2.94;RR=2.11,95%CI:1.22～3.63)。结论悲观归因、消极应对方式和功能失调性态度异常是导致抑郁症状发生的高危因素,三者对抑郁症状的产生可能存在联合作用。消极应对方式和功能失调性态度异常对抑郁的发生具有预测作用。

Objective To examine the influence of the cognitive characteristics including attributions style, coping style and dysfunctional attitude on the occurrence of depressive symptoms, and to provide evidence for the intervention. Methods A to- tal of 298 students participated the survey, who were majored in clinical medicine in a medical university in Anhui Province. Fol- low-up study was conducted among them at 0.5 year and at 1 year. Results In this survey, 254 and 278 students participated in the first and second follow-up survey, with follow-up rate was 85.2% and 93.3%. The results from Cox regression showed that the boy had higher risk for depression symptom occurence （ RR = 2.52, 95 % CI： 1.45 - 4.39 }, negative coping style and abnormal dys- functional attitude were risk factors of depression symptom occurence （ RR = 1.79, 95% CI： 1.01 - 3.17 ; RR = 2.39,95% CI： 1.40 -4.08 respectively }. Conclusion Pessimistic attributional style, negative coping styles and dysfunctional attitudes anomaly are the risk factors of depression symptom occurrence, therefore, both might play considerable role to predict the occurrence of depres- slon.