上海市中小学校开学教育现状及需求评估

Status of education on the first day of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai

目的了解上海市中小学开学教育现状,为探索以学生为主体、尊重学生身心发展规律的开学教育模式提供依据。方法 2011年11月至2012年3月采用目的抽样方法,选取上海市4个区的16所中小学校学生、学生家长和教师进行开学现状的小组访谈。结果上海市中小学校开学第一天的开学教育主要形式是开学典礼;开学典礼持续时间一般为20～30 min,目的是为了帮助学生收心,调整状态以适应校园生活;开学典礼的主要流程是校长致辞;访谈对象给予自己所在学校的开学典礼以正负2类评价:形式多样、有助于启发和激励学生;死板、无吸引力、演讲话题过大。访谈对象都表示期待开学教育能有一些改变。结论开学教育在整个教育中的作用值得相关部门重视。需针对中小学生身心发展特点,提供学生所需要的教育形式和内容,真正做到以人为本,促进青少年健康快乐成长。

Objective To investigate the education status on the first day of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, providing basis for exploring the model of students-oriented education which satisfies the discipline of students＂ physical and mental development on the start of school. Methods Purposive sampling method was applied. Students, teachers and parents of primary schools and secondary schools of 4 different districts （ 2 urban districts and 2 suburban districts） were investigated during the focus group interviews, and the status of education on the first day of school was discussed. Results The main form of education on the first day of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai was opening ceremony; It often lasted for 20 to 30 minutes ; Its purpose was to help students to bring their minds from holidays and adjust their status to adapt the campus patterns; The main process of the school opening ceremony was the speech of headmasters; For the opening ceremony, the majority of subjects considered it ＂rigid＂, ＂unattractive＂ and ＂speech topics were unpractical＂ while few subjects gave a positive evaluation; They all expected some changes in it. Conclusion The education on the first day of school deserves more attention, it should satisfy the physical and mental devel- opment characteristics of students, and the content and forms of the education should be truly students-oriented and focused on the real needs of them in order to promote the healthy and happy growth of adolescents.