癌症长期存活者的心理特征研究

Research on the psychological characteristics of cancer long.term survivors

目的探讨癌症长期存活者的心理特征。方法以投币法随机抽取癌症长期存活者（存活时间≥5年）151例，以开放性问题、个别会谈法等收集患者心理特点的定性资料；以T型心理量表、癌症应对问卷及癌症患者心理调节问卷测查患者心理行为方面的特征，并与癌症患者的平均水平（涵盖各种癌症诊断、病期等具有代表性的大样本测查结果）相比较。结果（1）定性研究：癌症长期存活者大多数在病后两周内得知诊断，认为获得的社会支持较多，把抗癌成功的经验归功于良好心态及积极治疗。（2）定量研究：T型心理：癌症长期存活组在个性特征、情感表现、潜意识、认知习惯4个维度及总均分得分[分别为（1．99±0．45）分，（1．68±0．51）分，（1．33±0．32）分，（1．87±0．44）分，（1．78±0．41）分]均低于癌症患者的平均水平[分别为（3．06±2．12）分，（3．08±2．03）分，（2．86±2．08）分，（3．02±2．06）分，（2．98±1．75）分]，均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；应对方式：在面对和发泄维度，长期存活组得分高于癌症患者的平均水平，在回避与压抑、屈服和幻想维度，癌症长期存活组得分则低于癌症患者的平均水平，均差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）；心理调节：长期存活组患者在情绪／自尊、主观感觉、人际关系／社会生活、日常生活和其他5个维度上得分均高于癌症患者的平均水平，均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论癌症长期存活患者具有心态好、T型心理水平较低、多采用面对与发泄等积极应对方式、心理调节状况较好等共同心理特征。

Objective To explore the psychological characteristics of cancer long-term survivors. Meth- ods One hundred and fifty one Cancer long-term survivors（ survival time 〉15 years） were chosen for participation from Guangzhou and Shenzhen by the qoin method in this study. The qualitative data of the patients＇psychological characteristics were collected by individual interviews, and the patients＇behavioral and psychological characteristics were measured by the Tumor Psychologifcal Scale （TPS）, the Cancer Coping Modes Questionnaire （CCMQ）and the Psychological Adjustment Scale for Cancer Patients（PASCP）. The psychological characteristics of the 151 cancer long-term survivors were compared with the average level of cancer patients （ over 557 patients）. Quantitive data were analyzed by two independent samples＇t -test. Results （ 1 ） Most cancer long-term survivors knew their diag- nosis in two weeks after they were diagnosed. The cancer long-term survivors were better in mentality and got more social supports. Most long-time survivors attributed their success to good psychological well-being and positive treatments. （2） The TPS scores of cancer long-term survivors group （ 1.99 ± 0.45,1.68 ± 0.51,1.33± 0.32, 1.87± 0.44,1.78± 0.41 respectively） were lower than the scores of the average level of cancer patients（3.06 ±2.12,3.08 ±2.03,2.86 ±2.08,3.02 ± 2.06,2.98± 1.75 respectively） in the dimensions of personality, emo- tion, unconscious, cognition and the total average score. The differences were significant statistically（P 〈 0.01 ）. The CCMQ scores of cancer long-term survivors group were higher than the scores of the average level of cancer patients in the dimension of confrontation and catharses. In the dimensions of avoidance ：and suppression, resignation and fantasy ,the scores of cancer long-term survivors group were lower than the scores of the average level of cancer pa- tients. All the differences were significant statistically （P 〈 0.05 ）. The PASCP scores of cancer long-term survi- vors group were higher than the scores of the average level of cancer patients in the dimension of emotion/self-es- teem, subjective feeling, interpersonal relationship/social life, the daily life and the other. The differences was sig- nificant statistically（P〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion There are common characteristics of cancer long-term survivors such as good mental health state,lower tumor psychological level, positive coping styles, getting better psychological ad- justment.