青少年抑郁症患者依恋模式与父母依恋模式教养方式关系的研究

Relationships among attachment, parental attachment and parental rearing style of adolescent depression

目的探讨青少年抑郁症的依恋模式与父母依恋模式、教养方式的关系。方法选取36名安徽省精神卫生中心门诊及住院的青少年抑郁症患者及其父母亲作为研究组，以33名年龄性别教育年限匹配的青少年及其父母亲作为正常对照组，采用亲密关系经历量表和父母教养方式量表为研究工具进行施测。结果①青少年抑郁症患者在依恋回避、依恋焦虑维度上得分[（73．19±16．63）分，（62．25±12．91）分]均显著高于正常对照组瞰62176±13．90）分，（51．97±13．69）分]（P〈0．01）；青少年抑郁症患者的母亲在依恋焦虑维度上得分[（72．06±14．23）分]显著高于正常对照组[（57．42±12．81）分]，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。②青少年抑郁症患者依恋回避与父母亲依恋回避呈显著正相关（r=0．534，r=0．488；P〈0．01），青少年抑郁症患者依恋焦虑与母亲自身的依恋焦虑呈显著正相关（r=0．532，P〈0．01）；青少年抑郁症依恋回避与父母教养方式中父母亲情感温暖呈显著负相关（r=-00．406，r=-0．462；P〈0．01），而与父亲惩罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认呈正相关（r=0．395，r=0．468；P〈0．05）；青少年抑郁症研究组中，父亲自身依恋回避与父亲情感温暖呈显著负相关（r=-0．527，P〈0．01），母亲自身依恋回避与母亲情感温暖呈显著负相关（r=-0．491，P〈0．01），而与母亲拒绝否认呈正相关（r=0．392，P〈0．05）。③母亲情感温暖教养方式在母亲依恋回避和青少年抑郁症依恋回避之间起完全中介作用，母亲拒绝否认教养方式在母亲依恋回避和青少年抑郁症依恋回避之间起部分中介作用，但是父亲情感温暖在父亲依恋回避和青少年抑郁症依恋回避之间不起中介作用。结论青少年抑郁症患者具有不安全型依恋特征，父母亲的依恋模式、教养方式对青少年抑郁症患者的依恋模式存在显著影响，并且母亲的教养方式在其中起到中介作用。

Objective To explore the relationships among attachment, parental attachment and parental rearing style of adolescent depression.： Methods 36 outpatients and hospital patients in Anhui Mental Health Center with depression and their parents were involved as the case group ,33 age-, gender-, and education-matched high school students and their parents as the normal controls. The case group and control group were assessed with Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory （ECR） and Parental Rearing Pattern Questionnaire （EMBU）. Re- SUits （1） The score of attachment avoidance and anxiety dimension in the depression group were obviously higher than that of the control group（73.19 ±16.63 vs 66.25 ±12.91,62.76 ± 13.90 vs 51.97± 13.69, P 〈 0.01 ） ; the score of mothers attachment anxiety in the depression group were significantly higher than that of the control group（72.06± 14.23 vs 57.42±12.81 ） ,and there were significant differences between two groups （ P〈0.01 ）. （2）The attachment avoidance was positively correlated with parental attachment avoidance in the depression group（ r = 0. 534, r = 0.488 ; P 〈 0.01 ） . The attachment anxiety dimension was positively correlated with mothers attach- ment anxiety in depression group （ r = 0.532, P 〈 0.01 ）. Attachment avoidance was negatively correlated with parental warmness （ r = - 0. 406, r = - 0.462, P 〈 0.01 ）, however attachment avoidance had positive correlation with father＇s punishment and mother＇s rejection in depression group （ r = 0. 395, r = 0. 468 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Father＇s at- tachment avoidance was negatively correlated with father＇s warmness （ r = -0. 527, P 〈 0.01 ）, and mothers attach- ment avoidance was negatively correlated with mother＇s warmness （ r = - 0.491, P 〈 0.01 ）, which was positively correlated with mothers rejection （ r = 0. 392, P 〈 0.05 ） . （3） Regression analysis showed that mothers warmness rearing style had full mediating effect on the relationship between mothers attachment avoidance and attachment a- voidance in depression group, and then mother＇s refused rearing style partly mediated the relationship between them. But fathers warmness didn＇s have mediating effect on the relationship between fathers attachment avoidance and attachment avoidance in depressipn group. Conclusion The attachment pattern is insecure in the depression group. Parenting attachment and rearing style significantly influence on adolescent depression attachment patterns, and mother＇s rearing style has mediating effect on the relationship between mother＇s attachment and depressionat- tachment.