稀性泥石流拦挡坝坝后淤积及坝前冲刷规律的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Laws of Intercepted Sediments behind Dam and Scour before Dam of Diluted Debris Flow

采用室内模拟实验的方法，研究稀性泥石流拦挡坝坝高和沟床纵比降对坝后回淤坡度的影响，并对坝后泥石流淤积形态及坝前冲刷坑的深度和长度进行研究。模拟实验结果表明：沟床纵比降与回淤坡度成正相关关系，当沟床纵比降为12％，14％，16％，18％和20％时，对应的平均回淤坡度分别为8．08％，10．08％，11．88％，14．02％和15．63％；不同坝高条件下，回淤坡度随各沟床纵比降线性增长的幅度不同；坝高与回淤坡度成二次函数关系，沟床纵比降一定，回淤坡度随着坝高的增大，呈先增大后减小的趋势。实验结果可供坝后淤积模型试验研究、拦挡坝工程设计等参考。

The influences of the height of diluted debris flow check dam and the longitudinal river slope on the slope of intercepted sediments behind the dam were studied by indoor simulation experiment. The con- figuration of intercepted sediments behind check dam as well as the length and depth of scour hole in front of the dam were also investigated. Simulation experiments show that, the relationship between longitudi- nal river slope and the slope of intercepted sediments behind the dam is positive correlation. As the longi- tudinal river slope is 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20%, the corresponding average slope of intercepted sed- iments is 8.08%, 10.08%, 11.88%, 14.02% and 15.63% respectively. With different height of dam, the slope of intercepted sediments grows variably with the linear increase of each longitudinal river slope. The height of dam and the slope of intercepted sediments behind the dam are in quadratic function relation. When the longitudinal river slope is constant, the slope of intercepted sediments increases first and then decreases with the increase of the height of dam. The experiment results can provide references for check dam design and model experiment of intercepted sediments behind the dam.