生物土壤结皮对土壤水蚀影响的模拟试验研究

Experimental Study on Impact of Soil Microbiotic Crust on Soil Erosion in Shen-Dong Mine region

在神东矿区同一土壤类型区内,选择4个具有植被覆盖度、土壤初始含水率、坡度等条件相似的试验小区。在选定的试验小区内,进行了不同微生物结皮覆盖程度(微生物结皮覆盖度分别为0、40%、50%及60%)下的强度为1.5 mm/min人工降雨模拟试验。通过对各场降雨试验数据进行分析计算,获得单场降雨试验的累积产流曲线、径流含沙曲线以及累积产沙曲线。结果表明:(1)存在微生物结皮区径流量要大于同等降雨条件下的无微生物结皮区,并且微生物结皮覆盖度越大其径流产生量越大,其中微生物结皮覆盖度为60%的试验区产流比无微生物结皮区增加了130%;(2)存在微生物结皮区的同期径流含沙量要比无微生物结皮区要小,其中微生物覆盖度为50%的试验区径流含沙量最少,且存在双峰特征;(3)存在微生物结皮区的累积产沙量要比无微生物结皮区小,其中微生物结皮覆盖度为50%的试验区累积产沙量只有同等降雨条件下无微生物结皮区的45.5%。

Four experimental plots of different microbial crust coverage levels（microbial crust coverage of 0,40%,50% and 60%） within the mining area has good corrosion resistance,with similar soil types,vegetation coverage,the initial soil water content and slope,were chosen to carry out simulated rainfall under the intensity of 1.5mm/min.Based on the rainfall data for analysis,the single cumulative rainfall runoff curve sediment runoff curve and the accumulated sediment yield curve were acquired.The results showed ：（1）Runoff in microbial crust district were greater than the same rainfall conditions without microbial crust,and microbial crust coverage of the greater volume of runoff generated greater,which microbial crust coverage of 60% of the test area runoff than no microbial crust district has increased by 130%;（2）The sediment runoff of microbial crust were more than the same period of no microbial crust,and the test area of microbial coverage of 50% carried out least sediment runoff,and there are double features;（3）Microbial crust of accumulated sediment yield was smaller than the one of non-microbial crust,which microbial crust coverage of 50% of the test area accumulated sediment was only without rainfall microbial crust district 45.5% under the same conditions.