近年来中国冬油菜主要农艺性状的演变分析

The Evolvement Analysis of the Main Agronomic Traits of Chinese Winter Rapeseed in Recent Years

对2004-2010年参加中国冬油菜区试的838个材料13个主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明,随时间推移,近年来中国油菜育种进展明显,油菜主要产量性状在得到综合改善的同时,油菜品质性状基本都实现了"双低一高",油菜的综合抗病能力也明显提高;另外,油菜主要农艺性状在不同区域间具有变化不同的特点,油菜含油量、有效角果数、生育期和抗冻性在南方普遍比北方表现好;而油菜的株高、分枝数、菌核病和病毒病抗性在北方均比南方表现好。

The data of 13 main agronomic traits were analyzed for 838 winter rapeseed lines from Chi- nese national field tests during the period from 2004 to 2010. The result showed that our country has made the great progress in the rapeseed breeding in recent years with time moved on. The comprehen- sive improvement of the main yield traits of rapeseed was achieved, and the quality of most rapeseed lines was improved to ＂low erucic acid, low glucosinolate and high oil content＂ as well. In addition, the comprehensive disease resistance of rapeseed was improved greatly. On the other hand, the main agronomic traits of rapeseed have different changes in the different ecological regions. For some agro- nomic traits including oil content, number of effective silique, growing time and frost resistance, rapeseed planted in southern regions perform better than that in northern regions, and it is opposite for plant height, number of branches, sclerotinia stem rot and mosaic disease. These results would provided the effective basis to the rapeseed breeding on good-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency in the future.