板栗苞壳水浸液对5种作物种子萌发的化感效应

Allelopathy Effects of Water Extracts from Chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume) Shell on the Seeds Germination of Five Crops

通过测定板栗苞壳水浸液对5种作物种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响,初步研究板栗苞壳的化感效应。结果表明,板栗苞壳水浸液对5种受体作物种子的萌发、幼苗生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,随水浸液质量浓度的增加,对受体作物种子的萌发、幼苗生长的抑制效应增加;随水浸液质量浓度的降低,抑制作用逐渐减弱、消失,甚至转变为促进作用。板栗苞壳水浸液对同一受体作物的不同部位(芽和根)也有不同的化感效应,高质量浓度水浸液对幼苗的抑制作用表现为幼根比幼芽更敏感,低质量浓度水浸液对白菜和绿豆幼苗的促进作用表现幼芽比幼根更敏感,小米和高粱幼苗的促进作用表现幼根比幼芽更敏感。相同质量浓度水浸液对不同作物种子的化感效应不同,高质量浓度水浸液对白菜种子的抑制作用最强,对小米种子的抑制作用最弱;低质量浓度水浸液对小米种子的促进作用最强,对小麦种子的促进作用最弱或无促进作用。

To investigate the effects of the water extracts from chestnut shell on five kinds of crop seeds germination and seedling growth, allelopathic effects of chestnut were studied preliminarily. The results showed that the inhibition of water extracts from chestnut shell on crop seed germination and seedling growth was obvious. With the increase of the mass concentration of aqueous extracts, the effects for crop seed germination and seedling growth were increased. Similarly, when reducing the mass concentration of aqueous extracts, the inhibitory effects were gradually weak and disappeared and sometimes even became promotion effects. The allelopathic effects of water extracts from chestnut shell for the same treated plant on different parts （shoots and roots） were different. The inhibitory effects of high mass concentration water extracts for seedlings were that the response in young root was more sensitive than that in the shoot. Moreover, the promoting effects of low mass concentration on the cabbage and mung bean seedling showed that the young shoots were more sensitive than young roots. Also, the promoting effects on millet and sorghum seedlings showed that the roots were more sensitive than the shoots. Allelopathy effects of same water extraction were different to different crop seeds. High mass concentration water extracts had strongest allelopathic effects on cabbage seeds, but had weakest effects on millet seeds. Low mass concentration water extracts had strongest promotion effects to millet seeds, but had weakest or no promotion effects to wheat seeds.