人脑视皮质区软脑膜血管构筑的定量研究

A quantitaive research on the pial vascular architecture of human visual cortex

采用明胶墨汁灌注、光学显微镜下观察拍片、体视学测算等方法,对13例生后不足6个月的新生儿和婴儿脑标本视皮质软脑膜血管构筑进行定量分析。结果表明:视皮质软脑膜动脉有顶枕动脉、距状裂动脉、颞下后动脉、颞后动脉等4个来源,多以直角发出长、短分支,形成直线型和“Y”型吻合。其进入皮质穿入点的数密度以距状裂上、下唇的后段最高;中段次之;前段最低。提示人脑视皮质存在着多来源动脉血供及血管密度差异分布的特点。认为大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉分支间在枕极月状沟附近的丰富吻合是“黄斑回避”现象的解剖学基础。

The visual cortex of13 brains of baby aged less than6m onths was studied.All the sam ples were infused with form aldehyde- gelatin- ink,observed with an opticmicroscope and photographed with a camera.The pial vascular densities were calculated with stereological method.The data were analysed by ANON.The results are as follows:pial arteries of visual cortex originate from parieto- occipital artery,calcarine ar- tery,inferior posterior temporal artery and posterior temporal artery.In general,they send out long and shortbranches at a right angle and form anastom osis in the form of straight line and“Y”.The density of the spots throuth which pial arteries enter visual cortex is the highest in posterior segment of calcarine cortex,the next in middle segm ent and the lowest im anterior segment.It is showed that the abundant anastomosis between the branches of m iddle cerebral artery and the branches of posterior cerebral artery near lunate sulcus is the anatomical base of“macula avoidance” and that the formation of different vascular densities m ay be the precondition of cellular differentiation and functional perfection.