动物源性甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的研究进展

Research Progress of Livestock-Associated Methicilllin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

目的了解动物源性甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(Livestock-associated methicilllin resistantStaphylococcus aureus,LA-MRSA)在世界范围内的流行情况及流行危险因素。方法对已发表文献的数据进行总结和分析。结果LA-MRSA在养殖生猪中具有高检出率,在欧洲和北美洲的主要流行菌株为ST398,主要spa分型为t011和t034,携带SCCmec IV和V型;在亚洲主要流行菌株为ST9/t899,携带SCCmec III型。LA-MRSA对多种抗生素耐药,不携带编码毒力因子和肠毒素的基因。动物中抗生素的使用是产生LA-MRSA的主要原因。LA-MRSA在动物中主要通过动物贸易和污染的环境传播。人类直接接触LA-MRSA阳性的动物是携带LA-MRSA的主要危险因素。结论LA-MRSA已经通过LA-MRSA长期携带者向社区人群传播。对抗生素的使用和对农场环境卫生的控制是控制动物中LA-MRSA流行的主要方法。人类携带LA-MRSA的监测和筛查对于预防LA-MRSA在社区和医院中的流行起着重要的作用。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors for the worldwide Livestock-associated methicilllin resistant Staphylococcus aureus（LA-MRSA）.Methods The data gained from the published articles was summarized and analyzed.Results LA-MRSA had a high detection rate in breeding pigs.Dominated strains in Europe and North American belonged to spa type 011 and 034 with Staphylococcus Chromosome Cassette Ⅳ or Ⅴ,corresponding to the multilocus sequence type ST398,while the most prevalent type in Asia was ST9/t899.LA-MRSA showed multidrug resistance and didn＇t carry virulence genes or enterotoxin genes.The main cause of LA-MRSA was the use of antibiotic in animals.The animal trade and contaminated environment were the main risk factors of the prevalence of LA-MRSA in animals,while direct contacting with MRSA-positive animals was the major reason of dissemination to humans.Conclusion LA-MRSA has spread to community population through the MRSA long-term carriers.The control of the drug use and farm environment are important to reduce the prevalence of MRSA in animals,and the surveillance and screening of LA-MRSA in humans will contribute significantly to the prevention of the prevalence of LA-MRSA in hospitals and communities.