对流层大气折射误差的微波辐射计修正

Correction of Tropospheric Refraction Errors with a Microwave Radiometer

目前,雷达的目标跟踪定位、卫星的测控定轨等对大气折射误差高精度修正的要求越来越高。针对传统大气折射误差修正方法的成本高、实时性差等问题,研究利用对水汽和液态水含量敏感的双通道微波辐射计测得的辐射亮温来反演大气折射率的方法。对微波辐射计的反演结果和探空数据的结果进行比较,计算不同海拔高度上反演的平均偏差和均方差,发现利用微波辐射计反演得到的折射率剖面与探空值吻合较好,验证了此方法的可行性。同时介绍了微波辐射计新的定标方法和微波辐射计对于水平不均匀大气的折射误差修正方法。

The requirements of tracking and positioning with radars and satellite orbit tracking and determination on correction of atmospheric refraction error are higher and higher nowadays. Traditional atmospheric refraction error correction methods are costly and have poor reahime performance. This paper proposes a method of inversion com-putation of atmospheric refraction ratio from brightness temperature measured by a dual channel microwave radiome- ter sensitive to water vapor and liquid water content. The result is compared with the result of sounding rockets. The mean bias and root mean square of inversion error of different heights are calculated. The results show that the refractive index profile retrieved by a radiometer is close to the real value and this verifies feasibility of the method. A new calibration method for microwave radiometer and a method for correction of refraction error of horizontally non-homogeneous atmosphere are also presented.