加氢尾油生产APIⅡ,Ⅲ类润滑油基础油技术现状

Technologies of producing APIⅡ and Ⅲ lube base oils from hydrocracking unconverted oils

介绍了以加氢尾油为原料,采用不同技术生产APIⅡ,Ⅲ类润滑油基础油的研究及工业应用,总结了加氢尾油生产APIⅡ,Ⅲ类润滑油基础油的优势及发展趋势。传统的"老三套"技术难以满足高端润滑油的要求,由于装置投资成本较低,目前在国内市场仍占很大比例(80%)。国内外加氢尾油生产APIⅡ,Ⅲ类润滑油基础油的加氢技术相似,基本是采用加氢异构/催化脱蜡技术及加氢异构/催化脱蜡+加氢精制组合工艺技术,其关键技术是催化剂,加氢工艺是目前Ⅱ,Ⅲ类润滑油基础油加工工艺的发展趋势。20世纪90年代后期,国内开展了择形异构加氢工艺技术的研究,其典型技术包括抚顺石油化工研究院的WSI技术和北京石油化工科学研究院的RIW技术,这两种技术已成功实现工业化,国内已有多套装置建成投产。

The hydrocracking unconverted oils are the best feeds for producing API Ⅱand Ⅲ lube base oils.The R D and commercial application of different technologies for the production of API Ⅱand Ⅲ lube base oils are described,and advantages and development trend of producing API Ⅱand Ⅲ lube base oils from hydrocracking unconverted oils are summarized.As China has a tight supply of lube base oil,especially the API Ⅱand Ⅲ base oils,most of lube base oils have to be imported from overseas and a number of companies with existing conditions are now constructing lube base oil hydrotreatng unit.Although the conventional processes can not meet the requirement for producing high-end lube oils,they still have a greater market share（80%） in China because of low capital investment.The hydrogenation processes for the production of API Ⅱand Ⅲ lube base oils from hydrocracking unconverted oil in China are similar to those abroad.They are the combination processes of hydro-isomerization/catalytic dewaxing and hydro-isomerization/catalytic dewaxing＋hydrotreating.The critical technology is the catalyst technology.Currently the hydrogenation process is the main process for the production of API group Ⅱand Ⅲ lube base oils.In late 1990＇s,the domestic R D institutions began the development of shape selective hydro-isomerization processes,and typical WSI process and RIW process have been successfully developed and commercialized by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals and Research Institute of Petroleum Processing.A number of process units applying these technologies have been constructed and put into operation.