五年制高职护生职业防护教育的效果

Analysis on occupation protection education effect for five years vocational nursing students

目的探讨五年制高职护生职业防护教育的效果。方法设已接受过职业防护教育的147名学生为研究组，同时选择在相同医院同时实习的未开设职业防护课程的其他学校的大专以上护生75名为对照组。进行“实习护生职业防护现状问卷”调查，统计分析实习期间的职业暴露情况和在职业暴露中的防护情况。结果在反映物理损伤因素的项目上，研究组污染针头的损伤发生率17．01％，低于对照组的34．67％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其他锐器损伤发生率，两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在反映化学损伤因素的项目上，皮肤接触化疗药物和化学消毒剂研究组的发生率分别为31．97％，25．85％，与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在反映心理压力的项目上，与老师有过3次以上矛盾，被患者挑剔、指责、拒绝过3次以上，一天工作下来经常觉得身体疲惫的发生率，研究组分别为23．13％，53．74％，55．78％，对照组分别为22．67％，53．33％，53．33％，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在反映职业暴露防护措施的项目上，用过针头回套针帽的发生率，有心理压力会寻求帮助的比率，发生较严重暴露后及时上报率，研究组分别为7．48％，45．58％和14．29％，高于对照组的18．67％，29．33％，9．33％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），在操作前了解患者有无血源传播性疾病、加化疗药物戴手套、面对患者的抱怨能主动化解、面对老师的批评能接受等项目上，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论经过系统的职业防护教育，护生在职业暴露中避免损伤，尤其是避免严重损伤的能力提高；但在一些不立即显现的损害因素面前，自我保护能力不强。同时，职业防护教育的效果还与学生沟通能力等基本素质有关。

Objective To analyze the effect of occupation protection education for five years vocational nursing students. Methods The research group, which received the education of occupation protection, had 147 students and control group, that no received the education, had 75 students. Cross-sectional survey was conducted to each nursing student with self-designed questionnaire. Results In the physical injury factors, the incidence of contaminated needle stick injury of research group was 17.01% which was significantly less than 34.67% of control group （P 〈 0.05）, while no significant difference was found in others sharp instrument injury （ P 〉 0.05 ）. In the chemical damage factors, the incidence of skin contact chemotherapy drugs and chemical disinfectant of research group respectively were 31.97% and 25.85%, no significant difference was found between the research group and control group （P 〉 0.05 ）. While in the psychological pressure, occurring rate of three times or more contradictions with teachers＇ , criticized by patients and often feeling tired after work respectively were 23.13%, 53.74% and 55.78%, and no significant difference between the research group and control group was found （P 〉 0.05）. In occupational protection measures, needle cap back cover rate, seeking psychological decompression rate, reporting rate after exposure of research group respectively was higher than that of control group, with statistically significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference was found in other items such as needing to see whether patients with blood source disseminated disease, plus chemotherapy drugs wearing gloves, optimism in the face of contradiction with teachers and patients, and so on, between the research group and control group （P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions After the occupation protection education, the ability of nursing students to avoid injury, especially severe injury has increased, but the ability to avoid chronic, no significant damage factors is lack. Strengthening the relationship between theory and practice, and enhancing students＇ practical work in the protection are the endeavor direction for the future.