铜基多孔材料的制备及组织与性能研究

Manufacture,Structure and Properties of Copper Foams

以铜粉和碳酸盐为原料,按比例混料,经过粉末压制、烧结、去除碳酸盐等工艺步骤制备各种孔隙率的铜基多孔材料。分析了铜粉和碳酸盐的粉料配比、铜粉末粒度、压制压力、烧结温度等工艺参数对制备的铜多孔材料孔隙率的影响;借助SEM,EDS研究烧结过程中粉末颗粒的结合及微观组织演变过程,并对制备的铜基多孔材料进行力学性能测试。研究表明:采用该工艺技术可以成功制备出孔隙率为60%～85%的铜基多孔材料,基体中分布着大孔和微孔,大孔孔径在100～300μm之间,微孔孔径在1～5μm之间;通过研究压制压力对孔隙率的影响,发现孔隙率随着压力的增大而减小,压坯中铜粉所占的体积分数越低,压制压力变化对烧结试样孔隙率的影响越大;铜粉尺寸大小对孔隙率也有一定的影响,在其他条件相同的情况下,铜粉粒度越小,烧结越容易进行,烧结后孔隙率越低;孔隙率为65%铜基多孔材料其压缩强度可达40 MPa,孔隙率为85%铜基多孔材料的压缩强度为20 MPa。

The raw materials used for manufacturing copper foams were metal and carbonate in powder form. Copper foams were fab- ricated by mixing metal and carbonate powder, sintering, and removing carbonate processing. The effect of volume fraction of Cu, particle size, pressure, sintering temperature on the porosity of porous samples were analyzed. With SEM and EDS, particles binding and microstructure evolution during sintering were studied, and the mechanical properties of porous samples were measured. The results showed that copper foams with the porosity of 60% - 85% were successfully prepared, large pore size 100 - 300 μm, tiny pore size 1 - 5 μm; the porosity of copper foams decreased with the pressure increasing, the lower the volume fraction of Cu, the stronger the effect of pressure on porosity ; the effect of particle size on the porosity of copper foams was obvious, the smaller the size of copper particle, the lower porosity of sintering samples. For the copper foam of 65% porosity, the compressive strength could reach up to 40 MPa, for the copper foam of 85% porosity, the compressive strength was 20 MPa.