四川省23家石英砂企业职业危害因素检测结果

Occupational hazards detection results of 23 quartz sands enterprises in Sichuan Province

目的调查、检测、评价四川省23家石英砂企业职业危害因素及防护效果,为企业职业危害防护措施改进提供依据。方法依据相关法律法规进行现场卫生学调查,按照国家职业卫生标准和规范进行采样和分析。结果①现场卫生学调查结果:23家石英砂企业绝大多数属于微小型企业,80%企业生产工艺采用了湿法生产,存在的主要职业病危害因素有粉尘(矽尘)和噪声。②职业危害因素检测结果:总粉尘共检测53个作业点,范围在0.50～27.4 mg/m3,平均3.84 mg/m3;18个作业点在职业卫生标准限值内,合格率为34.0%。呼吸性粉尘共检测53个作业点,范围在0.40～10.84 mg/m3;平均2.35 mg/m3,21个作业点在职业卫生标准限值内,合格率为39.6%。分析48个作业点粉尘中的游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量只有13个点(27.1%)在10%以下。噪声共测量102个作业点,强度范围在72.2～104.0 dB(A),平均86.3 dB(A);66个作业点在职业卫生标准限值内,合格率为66.7%。结论四川省23家洗选、加工石英砂为主的生产企业中职业危害因素粉尘浓度超标严重,72.9%的作业场所中游离SiO2含量大于10%,属于高度危害作业场所,个别噪声岗位超限严重。因此,必须加强防护措施的设置与防护用品使用监督,才能有效预防职业病的发生。

[Objective] To investigate,detect and evaluate occupational hazards and protective effect in 23 quartz sands enterprises in Sichuan Province,and provide evidence for improving the protection against occupational hazards.[Methods]Field health investigation was carried out in accordance with relevant laws and regulations,sampling and analysis were in line with national occupational health standards and norms.[Results]1.The results of health investigation showed most of 23 quartz sands enterprises were micro and small enterprises and the production process of 80% enterprises adopted a wet process and existed main occupational hazards of the dust（silica dust） and noise.2.The test results of the occupational hazards were that the total dust was detected in 53 operating points with the range of 0.50-27.4 mg/m3 and an average of 3.84 mg/m3,and 18 operating points within the limits of occupational health standards with a pass rate of 34.0%.The respirable dust was detected in 53 operating points with the range of 0.40-10.84 mg/m3 and an average of 2.35 mg/m3 and 21 operating points within the limits of occupational health standards with a pass rate of 39.6%.Free silica was detected in 48 operating points,only 13（27.1%） were under 10%.Noise was measured in a total of 102 operating points with the range 72.2-104.0 dB（A） and an average of 86.3 dB（A） and 66 operating points within the limits of occupational health standards with a pass rate of 66.7%.[Conclusion]It is surveyed 23 washing and processing quartz sand enterprises in Sichuan Province.Occupational hazards test result is that dust concentrations seriously exceed the standard.More than 10% of free silica content are detected in 72.9% workplace which belong to highly hazardous workplaces.Noise in some posts is over standard seriously.Therefore,the protective measures set and supervision on protective equipment should be enhanced to effectively prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.