周口市某甲醇厂职业卫生现状调查与评价

Occupational health survey and evaluation in a methanol plant of Zhoukou City

目的了解某甲醇厂职业病危害因素状况,对存在职业危害因素的岗位或工种提出控制措施。方法对该厂5个粉尘作业点进行总粉尘浓度检测,对24个工段中33个岗位的和工种进行噪声检测,对18个工段中的21个岗位或工种进行空气中一氧化碳、氨和甲醇浓度检测,按国家有关标准进行检测评价。结果变换车间煤炉上料操作工、脱碳车间上料处作业工人接触粉尘总尘浓度不符合国家职业卫生限值标准。噪声检测最大声强为113.0 dB(A),最小声强为68.6 dB(A),平均87.2 dB(A),其中16个岗位或工种不合格,合格率48.5%。一氧化碳、氨和甲醇浓度检测结果显示接触氨和甲醇浓度岗位或工种均符合国家标准职业卫生限值,接触一氧化碳浓度岗位或工种除压缩车间、造气车间不符合国家职业卫生限值外,其余所测岗位作业工人接触一氧化碳浓度均符合国家职业卫生限值。结论某甲醇厂作业岗位或工种对粉尘、噪声和毒物的控制措施还不完善,部分岗位或工种职业病危害因素检测结果不合格,应改善作业环境,加强个人防护,保护劳动者健康。

[Objective] To understand the occupational hazards status in a methanol plant,and put forward control measures for posts or types of work with occupational hazards.[Methods]The total dust concentration detection was performed on 5 points with dust exposure,noise detection on 33 posts of 24 sections,and carbon monoxide,ammonia and methanol concentration detection on 21 posts or work types of 18 sections,according to relevant national standards.[Results]The total dust exposure concentrations of coal stove feeding operators in transformation workshop and feeding operators in decarburization workshop were not in line with the national occupational health limits.The maximum sound intensity in noise detection was 113.0 dB（A）,and the minimum was 68.6 dB（A）with an average of 87.2 dB（A）,noise was unqualified at 16 posts or work types,with qualified rate of 48.5%.Carbon monoxide,ammonia and methanol concentration detection results showed the posts or work types with ammonia and methanol exposure all met national occupational health limits.Except for compression workshop and gas-making workshop,the concentration of carbon monoxide exposure of posts or work types in other workshops all met the national occupational health limits.[Conclusion]The control measures for dust,noise and toxicants in posts or work types of a methanol plant are not perfect.Occupational hazards test results in some posts or work types are not qualified.It is necessary to improve the working environment,to enhance personal protection so as to ensure the health of workers.