低浓度苯、甲苯和二甲苯对接触工人健康的影响

Effect of exposure to low concentration of benzene,toluene and xylene on the health of workers

目的探讨低浓度"三苯"(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)对作业工人的健康危害。方法对接苯工厂作业场所中"三苯"浓度进行测定,以439名三苯接触工人为苯接触组,以338名非接苯工人为对照组,对2组工人进行职业健康检查并对体检资料进行对照分析。结果接苯工厂内各检测点的"三苯"8 h时间加权平均浓度(C-TWA)及短时间接触浓度(C-STEL)的检测值均低于国家标准。苯接触组工人白细胞计数下降检出率为14.58%,非接触组为8.88%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组工人血红蛋白含量下降检出率为19.59%,非接触组为8.28%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组女工白细胞计数下降检出率为18.07%,男工为10.53%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组女工血红蛋白含量下降检出率为32.53%,男工2.63%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组男工血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)异常率为7.89%,女工0.80%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组不同工龄工人白细胞计数下降及血红蛋白含量下降存在线性剂量-反应关系。结论长期接触低浓度的"三苯"也会损害作业工人的身体健康,应加强防护措施,加大健康监护力度。

[Objective] To discuss the harm of exposure to low concentration of benzene,toluene and xylene on the health of workers.[Methods]The concentrations of benzene,toluene and xylene in the work places of factory with benzene exposure were detected.The benzene exposure group included 439 workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene,and the control group included 338 workers who have not been exposed to benzene.Two groups received the occupational health examination,and the results were investigated by a comparative analysis.[Results]The 8h time weighted average concentration（C-TWA） and short time exposure limit concentration（C-STEL） of benzene,toluene and xylene in all monitoring points of factory were lower than the national standards.The detection rate of leucopenia in the benzene exposure group and the control group was respectively 14.58% and 8.88%,and the difference was statistically significant.The detection rate of lower hemoglobin level in the benzene exposure group and the control group was respectively 19.59% and 8.28%,and the difference was statistically significant.The detection rate of leucopenia of female workers and male workers in the benzene exposure group was respectively 18.07% and 10.53%,and the difference was statistically significant.The detection rate of lower hemoglobin level of female workers and male workers in the benzene exposure group was respectively 32.53% and 2.63%,and the difference was statistically significant.The abnormal rate of serum ALT of male workers and female workers in the benzene exposure group was respectively 7.89% and 0.80%,and the difference was statistically significant.In the benzene exposure group,the detection rate of leucopenia and lower hemoglobin level had a linear relationship with working years.[Conclusion]The long-term exposure to low concentration of benzene,toluene and xylene may harm workers＇ health,so it is necessary to strengthen the protection measures and health surveillance.