2011年遵义市手足口病的流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Zunyi City in 2011

目的探讨遵义市手足口病流行病学特征,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息管理系统中将遵义市2011年手足口病网络直报信息导出,用Excel软件进行统计,运用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果共报告手足口病病例4 326例,其中重症病例96例,死亡7例。发病率为70.61/10万。发病年龄主要为5岁以下,占病例总数的93.69%;男性高于女性,男女比为1.89∶1。全年有2个发病高峰,分别为5—7月(1 271例)和10—12月(2 636例),分别占全年发病数的29.38%、60.93%。散居儿童和幼托儿童分别占68.31%、26.38%。检测咽拭子标本970份,检出阳性563份,阳性率为58.04%;其中EV71型核酸阳性率为23.81%,Cox A16型核酸阳性率为18.57%,其他肠道病毒核酸阳性率为15.67%。结论 2011年遵义市手足口病疫情呈下降趋势,重症和死亡病例呈上升趋势,该市是以病原EV71型和Cxo A16型为主兼其他肠道病毒混合流行区。

[Objective] To study the epidemiological characteristics of the hand,foot and mouth disease（HFMD） in Zunyi City,and provide evidence for developing prevention and control measures.[Methods]The 2011 HFMD data of Zunyi City downloaded from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were statistically analyzed with Excel software by descriptive epidemiological method.[Results] A total of 4 326 HFMD cases were reported,with 96 severe cases,7 death cases.The incidence rate was 70.61/100 000.Most patients aged 5 years which occupied 93.69% of total cases.The ratio of male to female was 1.89∶1.There were 2 incidence peak in a year,one in May to July（1 271 cases,29.38%） and another in October-December（2 636 cases,60.93%）.Scattered living children and kindergarten children accounted for 68.31%,26.38%,respectively.Totally 970 throat swab specimens were detected,563（58.04%） were positive.The-positive rate of nucleic acid EV71 type was 23.81%,that of Cox A16 and other gastro-intestinal virus was 18.57% and 15.67% respectively.[Conclusion]The epidemic of HFMD shows downward tendency in Zunyi City in 2011,while the number of severe and fatal cases in increasing.This area belongs to the mixed endemic areas of pathogen EV71 and Cxo type A16 with other enteric viruses.