安徽白山羊新品系种质特性与遗传多样性分析

Study on the breed characteristics and genetic diversity in the new strain of Anhui White goats

探讨了安徽白山羊新品系的种质特性和遗传多样性,为开展遗传资源保护和品种选育提供依据。本研究测定了安徽白山羊新品系、安徽白山羊、波尔山羊、萨能奶山羊4个种群的生长发育性状、血常规和血液生化指标并做差异分析,运用4个微卫星标记分析群体遗传结构、遗传分化和近交程度。结果表明:(1)新品系的体重、体长、体高、胸围显著高于安徽白山羊(P<0.05),体高和胸围与波尔山羊已无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)新品系的红细胞压积(HCT)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、白细胞总数(WBC)、血小板总数(PLT)、淀粉酶(AMS)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、血清钾(K)等血液指标均与其他3个种群存在不同程度的差异;(3)4个微卫星位点均呈高度多态(PIC值在0.833 6～0.917 8之间),新品系种群内近交程度较大(Fis值为0.247),新品系和萨能奶山羊遗传距离最近(0.347 8),其次是波尔山羊(0.576 5),最后是安徽白山羊(0.809 4)。结论提示,新品系肉用性能优良,适应性良好,种群内遗传分化程度较高,在进行品种选育时要防止群体内过度近交。

The breed characteristics and genetic diversity in the new strain of Anhui White goat were studied for providing basic information of the genetic resources conservation and breeding. The growth traits, normal blood indices and blood biochemical indices were measured by comparison among the new strain of Anhui White goat, Anhui White goat, Boer goat and Saanen dairy goat, and the population genetic struc- ture, genetic differentiation and inbreeding level were all explored by using four microsatellite DNA markers. The results showed that： （ 1 ） Body weight, body length, body height and chest girth of the new strain were all significantly higher than those of Anhui White goat （P〈 0. 05 ）, and both body height and chest girth between the new strain and Boer had no significant difference （ P〉O. 05 ） ; （ 2 ） There were differences of different degrees in HCT, MCHC, WBC, PLT, AMS, GPT, K and other indices between the new strain and other three popu- lations; （3） Four of all the microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic （PIC value 0. 833 6 -0. 917 8）, and the level of inbreeding within the new strain was highest （ Fis was 0. 247）. The genetic distance of the new strain with Saanen dairy goat was nearest （ 0. 347 8）, then with the Boer （0. 576 5 ） and Anhui white （0. 809 4）. These results suggested that the meat performance and adaptability of the new strain wereboth excellent, and genetic differentiation within populations was high, and excessive inbreeding should be avoided in future practical breed- ing.