明代大统历日的流通方式

Circulation patterns of Datong Calendar in Ming Dynasty

综合多种官私史料,对明代大统历日流通情况的问题进行分析,发现明代大统历日主要通过官方颁赐、私人馈赠和商业销售三条渠道流通。明廷每年入冬之际举行颁历大典后,将大统历书颁发给官员和平民。历日是官场上常见的礼物。私售历日虽被禁止,仍然存在。事实证明,因历日资源为官员所垄断支配,印数虽多,仍无法满足民众需要。

A variety of historical materials were integrated to study the circulation of Datong Calendar in Ming Dynasty.Findings show that those books mainly circulated through three channels of official gift,private present and merchandise.After calendar awarding ceremony in the early winter each year,Ming court would distribute calendar books to officials and civilians.Calendar books were often common private gifts among officials.Though prohibited,private sale of calendars was still in practice.Facts show that although a huge number of calendar books were printed every year,it was still inadequate as calendar books were officially monopolized.