室温固相合成形貌可控的CuO纳米晶及其表征

Shape-Controlled Synthesis of CuO Nanocrystals by a Room Temperature Solid-Phase Route

通过室温固相反应法成功制备出具有一维棒状和球型状的CuO纳米晶.研究结果表明,在反应过程中,表面活性剂对CuO纳米晶的形貌起着决定性的作用.当反应过程在表面活性剂聚乙二醇400液态环境中进行时,所制备的CuO为一维棒状纳米晶.纳米棒的直径为6～14 nm、长度为100～400 nm;当反应过程在表面活性剂聚氧乙烯9醚液态环境中进行时,则所制备的CuO为球形纳米粒子,纳米粒子的直径为4～11nm,平均直径为7 nm.用X射线粉末衍射和透射显微镜技术对所制备纳米晶的成分、晶相、形状和尺寸进行了表征分析.对不同形貌CuO纳米晶的形成机理作了深入的讨论,提出了CuO纳米棒的表面活性剂软模板诱导自组装生长机理.

A room temperature solid-phase route has been developed for the synthesis of CuO nanocrystals with rod- and spherical-like morphology by using surfaetant as shape controller. The results indicate that the surfactant plays a key role in controlling the shape of CuO nanocrystals. The monoclinic phase CuO rod-like nanocrystals with diameter of 6 ~ 14 nm and length of 100 - 400 nm were successfully synthesized when the surfactant polyethylene glycol 400 was used as shape controller. If the surfactant nonylphenyl ether（9）was used as shape controller, keeping the other ecperimental conditions constant, the monoclinic phase CuO spherical nanocrystals with diameter of 4 - 11 nm and an average diameter of 7 nm were fabricated. XRD and TEM techniques were used to study on composition, phase, morphology and size of the as-prepaped CuO nanocrystals. The growth mechanism of CuO nanocrystals has been discussed in detail. A surfactant soft template induced self- assemble growth mechanism was proposed for the formation of Cuo nanorods.