羌语衰退型村寨语言使用现状及其成因分析

The Status Quo and Cause Analysis of Language Use of Declining-type Villages of the Qiang Ethnic Group

从整个羌族地区来看,雁门乡是羌语保持较好的地区之一,但不同村寨羌语保持状态却有很大差别。月里村和索桥村属于羌语衰退型村寨,出现了羌语水平代际差异明显、青少年语言习得顺序改变、青少年羌语水平整体偏低、羌语使用范围缩小等特征。造成羌语衰退的因素较为复杂,突出表现在两个方面:一是产业结构调整,人员流动频繁;二是语言观念发生了改变。

In the whole area of the Qiang ethnic group, Yanmen Village is one of the places which better preserves the Qiang language. The status quo of the language use varies greatly from village to village. Yueli Village and Suoqiao Village belong to the declining-type villages characterized with a big generation gap in language level, a change of language acquisition sequence in the younger generation, and a narrow range of language use. Factors to cause the decline of the Qiang language use in these villages are complicated. Among them, the two outstanding ones are 1 ） industrial restructuring and frequent movement of population; and 2） the change of language attitude.