论动词本原构式

On Verb's Basic Construction

认知构式语法中的构式是形义配对。各种语义和抽象度不同的构式通过传承关系分层分次组成语言网络系统。动词不是具有多义的独立词项,而是涉及表征行为事件的具体题元构式。动词与其高频共现的名词形成构式,称为"动词本原构式"。它具有独特的事件图式,有完形效应,并可以对含有新的参与组分的构式句进行范畴化。动词本原构式是动词的私用构式,而多个动词私用构式又能作为组分分别参与同一超动词构式,故后类构式是比前类构式抽象的公用构式。探讨动词本原构式的自在性和涉外行踪有助于展现一构多义现象,确立语言构式网络中的基本局域,廓清网络中的上下层级关系。

A construction defined in Cognitive Construction Grammar is a form-meaning paring,a symbolic unit.Constructions with different meaning and generality inherit from or dominate others to form the linguistic hierarchical network.Verbs are not independent polysemous words but are involved in specific argument-structure constructions representing events.A verb and its frequently co-occurring and readily evoked nouns form a composite symbolic unit.With its special event schema and gestalt effect,it can categorize other participating components in forming its inheritance instances.This unit is called verb＇s basic construction（VBC）.An investigation into the polysemy of Mandarin verb ＂chi＂（eat）shows that the meaning change is connected with the interaction between the verb and different nouns collocating with it and shows how inheritance sentences are categorized and constuctionalized with metaphor and metonymy construals.Strictly speaking,this meaning change caused by the interaction occurs on all the participating components,but not on the verb alone. While a VBC is a private construction for a verb,each of numerous VBCs can participate as a component in one super-verbal construction,which is,therefore,a public construction and more Abstract than VBCs.This type of construction can further be classified into two subtypes：ones profiling VBCs＇ background roles and ones with special functions. According to Goldberg＇s Construction Grammar,the VBC qualifies as a construction with concrete roles.The construction deserves special attention for the following reasons.First,the return from verb＇s lexical polysemy to its constructional polysemy will display clearly meaning extensions and extension routes caused by the interaction between construction participants,including entrenched chunks and new meaning inference.Second,VBCs form the basis of the linguistic network,since their usage frequency is higher by far than when they participate in super-verbal constructions and in them more meaning extensions occur than otherwise.Third,the display of VBCs＇ participation in higher-level constructions will show ways and results of their interaction and integration,such as addition and fusion.Fourth,different degrees of typicality that various VBCs or VBC groups show in their above-mentioned participation and interaction can,therefore,be shown in a broader view.Fifth,unlike other schools,Cognitive Construction Grammar argues for wholism.Therefore,argument for the VBC is only natural and logical,while failure to do so is groundless and needs correcting. The notion of VBC may be generally accepted all the time,but the demarcation between syntax and lexicon advocated by traditional grammar and TG Grammar is deep-rooted and thus has caused the illusion that VBC establishment is unnecessary.The advent of Cognitive Construction Grammar made it possible,but attention and consideration must be given before it is well-established.Just for this purpose the present research is conducted.