金边富贵竹黑腐病病原鉴定及防治方法研究(英文)

Establishment of Near Isogenic Lines of Huangzaosi Maize with Resistance against Maize Head Smut

[目的]明确金边富贵竹黑腐病病原菌种类,筛选出对该病害有防治作用的杀菌剂。[方法]采集具有典型症状的病害标本,根据柯赫氏法则分离病原物,在显微镜下观察病原物形态特征;分别测试2种不同浓度下的9种供试杀菌剂对该病原菌的抑制作用。[结果]引起金边富贵竹黑腐病的病原为半知菌亚门曲霉属的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger N.Tiegh)。杀菌剂甲基托布津、恶霉灵、代森锰锌、维鲜、烯酰吗啉、福.福锌等对该菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,有效浓度为500mg/L时,抑菌率为100%。人工接种试验表明,有效浓度为1000mg/L的维鲜或烯酰吗啉溶液喷施叶片防治效果为100%。[结论]防治金边富贵竹黑腐病推荐选用50%维鲜乳油或69%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂。

[ Objective] The research aimed to determine the species of pathogen causing black-rot disease in Dracaena sanderiana cv. Golden edge, and to screen the effective fungicides to control the disease. [Method] Disease samples with typical symptoms were collected to isolate the pathogen based on Koch＇s rule, and the morphological characteristics of the pathogen was observed under microscope. The inhibition effects of nine different fungicides under two different concentrations against the pathogen were determined. [ Result ] The black-rot disease of Dracaena sanderiana cv. Golden edge was caused by Aspergillus niger N. Tiegh. Thio- phanate-methyl, Hymexazol, Mancozeb, Viziam, Dimethomorph and Fuklasin had strong inhibition effects on the mycelial growth of A. niger. When the concentra- tion of the above fungicides was 500 rag/L, the inhibitory rate ~alnst A. niger was 100%. Artificial inoculation test showed that when the solutions of Viziam and Dimethomorph with the effective concentration of I 000 mg/L were sprayed on the leaves, the control effect was 100%. [ Conclusion] 50% Viziam and 69% Dim- ethomorph were recommended to use to control the black-rot disease of Dracaena sanderiana cv. Golden edge.