俄罗斯科学院东方写本研究所西夏文文献之收藏与研究

The Tangut Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts:History and Studies

俄罗斯科学院东方写本研究所收藏的西夏文文献,主要来自内蒙古自治区额济纳旗黑水城遗址,大致可分为6类,即西夏文原著、西夏文字典及语音表、历法和医学著作、律令及法律文书、汉文著作之夏译本、佛教典籍之夏译本及西夏人撰写的佛教著作,其中既有写本又有刻本,对西夏政治、经济、文化、宗教的研究具有重要意义,堪称国际西夏学研究的最基本资料,长期深受国际学术界的重视。除俄罗斯学者外,中国、日本及欧美诸国都投入人力进行研究,成果丰硕。目前,西夏文文献中尚有相当数量的草书文献难以破解,需要努力探寻其基本规则,一旦掌握其规律,即可用计算机将草体转换为楷体,进而为今后的研究提供条件。

The Tangut Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of Russian Academy of Sciences originated from the dead city called Khara-Khoto in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The material of the Tangut Collection falls into these six groups：Original Tangut writings;Dictionaries and phonetic tables of the Tangut language;Calendars and medical texts;Legislative acts and legal documents;Translations from the Chinese;Buddhist Canon writings and original writings by Tangut Buddhists.The Tangut Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts comprises handwritten or xylograph printed books which are of significance to research on politics,economy,culture and religion of Tangut.They are called the Basic information of international study on Tangut and chronically draw the international academic community attention.Besides the Russian scholars,China,Japan,European and American have put manpower into researching them and obtained fruitful achievements.At present,there is a significant amount of monuments in cursive which are hard to break.The reduction of the original standard symbols followed certain rules we need to explore.Once we master underlying principles,we enable the computer to convert cursive signs into symbols of the standard script that can provide the valuable results for further investigation.