明清小说宝物功能的范围与禁忌表现

The Exhibition of the Range and Taboos of the Treasure Items’ Function in Ming-Qing Novels

明清小说的审美触角十分关注宝物的局限性和禁忌。一是宝物功能有限;二是宝物之间往往相制约相克制;三是特定宝物具有权威性力量,可使对手法宝失效;四是宝物惧怕动物血及类似秽物;五是某些法宝具有使用禁忌。阴阳对应、五行相克,也被广泛地运用。魏晋南北朝时,某些兵器使用即带有口诀,8世纪后密宗流行,其咒语运用是要义之一。密宗咒语与道教法术在后世渐趋融合,成为明清小说斗宝、用宝必施加咒语的文学表现模式。宝物局限与禁忌,带有儆世教谕意旨,其宣扬了宝物尊严,提高了其可信度和灵验度,增强了其在具体文学作品中表现的针对性和现实意义。

Ming-Qing novels attached aesthetic weight to the limitation and taboos of treasure items.First of all, the treasure function is finite.Second, the treasures are usually binding with each other.Third, some specific treasures have authoritative force making the component＇s treasures void.Fourth, treasures are frightened of animal blood and similar filth.Fifth, some treasures have taboos.Corresponding between Yin and Yang and interrestriction of＂the Five Elements＂have been widely used.In Wei-Jin South and North Dynasties, some use of weapons are accompanied with magic words.Since the 8th Century, it has been popularized by Tantrism and the use of spell is one of the gist.Tantrist spells and Taoist magic have been gradually blended, and become the literature performance mode of magical treasures with spells in Ming-Qing novels.The limitation and taboos of treasures have preaching aims promoting the respect of treasures, increasing their reliability and efficaciousness, and strengthening the pertinence and realistic significance in specific literature works.