作格

Ergativity

作格（ergativity）是韩礼德在及物性分析的基础上提出来的。他认为作格分析与及物性分析是两种相互补充的分析法,作格分析与及物分析是对同一小句不同角度的分析方法,就像对同一图形从一个角度看是内凹的,从另一角度看是中凸的一样。对于一切语言,我们都可使用作格和及物的分析方法。作格分析的过程与及物分析的过程相同,但其参与者涉及中介（Medium）和施事者（Agent）,它可考察动作的发生是外力还是内因所致。同时,作格分析还为小句语义的分析和语篇的理解提供了一种新的视角和方法。

Ergativity is raised by M.A,K, Halliday on the basis of transitivity analysis. He believes ergauvlty ana transitivity analysis are two mutually complementary analytical methods. Ergativity and transitivity analysis are two analytical methods to the same minor sentence with different perspectives, just like a shape of a graph is concave from one angle, but protruding from another. To all hnguages, we can use ergativity and transitivity analysis. The pmcess of ergativity analysis is the same as that of transitivity, but its participants involves medium and agent. It can examine the action caused by external force or internal cause. At the same time, ergativity analysis offers a new perspective and method to the analysis of minor sentence semantic analysis and discourse comprehension.