从“理想标准”到“道德选择”——雷蒙·阿隆的国家政治伦理思想

From "Ideal Standard" to "Moral Choice": Raymond Aron's National Political Ethic Thought

受孟德斯鸠、托克维尔、马克思、韦伯、哈耶克等人的影响,阿隆的诸多著作和评论中都蕴含着政治制度的价值诉求与政治主体的道德取向。通过相关文本的系统梳理,我们发现:就价值诉求而言,阿隆主张要以自由、平等、民主作为政治制度的"理想标准";就伦理取向而言,阿隆强调要以责任伦理和信念伦理的互为补充、有机结合作为政治主体的"道德选择"。阿隆认为,尽管自由、平等、民主的完美的政治制度到目前还没有真正实现,但将其作为"理想标准"是完全必要的。阿隆还希望,在现实的政治生活中,在信念伦理和责任伦理的共同支配下,履行"政治天职"的社会精英,应该能够从"道德判断"和"社会条件"的相互制约中,做出务实、合理、正义的政治选择。

Influenced by Montesquieu, Tocqueville, Marx, Webb and Hayek, Raymond Aron established his national political ethic thought. Aron expressed his value demand of political system and moral orientation of political subject in his writings and comments. Based on categorizing and reading the text, we find Aron advocated freedom, equality and democracy of political system and stressed the complement of responsibility and conviction. Aron pointed out that the perfect society had not been achieved until now, but it was absolutely necessary to establish the standard of political system. At the same time, Aron hoped that the social elite should be able to make a practical, reasonable, and just political choice in the mutual restriction of ＂moral judgment＂ and ＂social conditions＂.