评历代咏马嵬诗——兼议杨贵妃文化现象

On the Poems about Mawei Mutiny in the Tang Dynasty and Later Periods——A Discussion on the Cultural Phenomenon of Yang Yuhuan

马嵬之变以其关系政局之巨及李杨命运之深,为唐世及后世诗人所吟咏不绝。或主要关注国家盛衰之变,伤之亦诫之;或主要关注李杨爱情悲剧,哀之亦惜之。最能揭示马嵬之变政治意义的,是杜甫及郑畋之作。而详写李杨爱情悲剧,沉痛悱恻,则首推白居易《长恨歌》。白诗以能深契人情而传布广远。流风所及,悼伤杨妃之作逾千年而不衰,蔚为文化史上之奇观,形成杨贵妃文化现象。此类作品,虽瑕瑜杂陈,然亦不乏精警之篇,且可藉以窥见人心及世情。

Mawei Mutiny with its concerning political situation and the fate of Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan had such a profound influence that the poets in the Tang Dynasty and later periods wrote a lot of poems about this event. Some of them focused on the rise and fall of the country, expressing the poets＇ sadness and giving their advice, while others showed concern for the tragic love between Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan, expressing the poets＇ sorrow and regret. Du Fu and Zheng Tian＇ s poems about Mawei Mutiny were the best ones in revealing its political significance. Bai Juyi＇ s poem Everlasting Regret could be rated as the top one in writing the Li- Yang love tragedy laden with grief and melancholy. Bai Juyi＇ s poem was so moving that it was widespread. The poem＇ s influence was so great that it was well read for over a thousand years without a break. That is a wonder in the histo.ry of culture, forming the cultural phenomenon of Yang Yuhuan. Among the poems about Mawei Mutiny, there were both good and commonplace ones. However, from the excellent pieces, we can observe the people＇s state of mind and the ways of the world.