汉代陕西漆器文化探微

An Elaborate Exploration of Shaanxi Lacquerwares in the Han Dynasty

陕西漆艺文明历史悠久。在汉代,陕西漆器文化发展有其独特的空间环境与政治文化优势。从出土文物看,汉代陕西漆器设计以致用为本,主要为上层贵族服务,其设计理念被纳入汉朝廷文化体系,反映了汉代漆器文化由官方控制与引领,深受汉代主流文化思想影响。同时,长安中央漆器文化在西汉中后期日渐兴盛,开始向外输出,其管理规范、分工明细,实施漆器生产奖惩与职工升迁制度,形成"供工、考工"管制与"守令或令"监造的分层管理体制。

Lacquer civilization in Shaanxi has a long history.In the Han Dynasty,Shaanxi lacquer civilization owed its development to the distinctive spatial environment and advantages of political culture.From the unearthed relics,the design of Shaanxi lacquerwares in the Han Dynasty was pragmatically-based,serving mainly the noble upper class.Their design conception was admitted into the cultural system of the Han court,which showed that the lacquer culture was controlled and guided by the government and was exposed to the mainstream cultural ideology of the Han Dynasty.The central lacquer culture in Chang＇an flourished daily in the mid and late West Han Dynasty and began to be exported to other parts of the country.The lacquerware production boasted of standard administration and clear work division.Meanwhile,a system of award and punishment and employment promotion was introduced,forming a hierarchical administrative system for ＂employment supply and employment examination＂ control and ＂regulation-observing and regulation-practicing＂ work supervision.