语言运用中语义—语用的互动关系

Transaction between Semantics and Pragmatics in Language Use

指称是指语言中的表达式与语言外部世界中事物之间的关系。并不是所有的词语都可以用来指称,通常只有名词性成分包括名词、代词、名词短语等具有这样的指称功能。汉语中常见的用于指称的名词性成分包括光杆名词短语,带指示词的名词短语和带数量结构"一+量词"的名词短语。此三种常见名词性成分的指称特征受语义因素、语用因素的制约。在言语交际中,指称仅仅是中介。准确性和经济性最终决定语言中的理解与言说。

Reference is the relation between form of language expression and things in the world beyond language.Not all words have referential function;usually only nominal items,including nouns,pronouns,noun phrases and the like enjoy such referential function.Chinese nominal items which enjoy referential function regularly include pure noun phrases,noun phrases with demonstratives and noun phrases with the quantitative pattern of ＂one＋quantifier＂.The referential feature of these nominal items is governed by textual and pragmatic elements.In language communication,reference acts merely as a medium.It is accuracy and economy that determine the understanding and expression of language.