智慧城市的愿景与架构

The Vision,Architecture and Research Models of Smart City

当前城市发展面临着环境、经济、社会等方面的问题,其主要原因是城市未发展成为可自我调节并可持续发展的系统。因此,未来城市发展必须走多种可持续发展相结合的道路。智慧城市的概念由此起源。国内外政府都在积极参与智慧城市建设,但是尚缺乏智慧城市愿景、架构和模型的系统性思考,这阻碍了我国智慧城市建设,亟需根据我国国情对其进行深入研究。首先,业界和学界对智慧城市愿景缺乏深入研究和共识。从根本上讲,智慧城市愿景是指引智慧城市建设的根本前提,它决定了智慧城市的愿景和战略目标,进而影响智慧城市建设中的人力安排与资源配置行为。针对这一问题,本文通过分析国内外智慧城市的研究的成果,以及走访国内部分省市所获得的调研资料,提出具有中国特色的智慧城市愿景和战略目标,即实现"经济—社会—生态"的全面可持续发展,以满足居民生活的安全感和幸福感。其次,学界缺乏对于符合中国国情的智慧城市架构的论述与阐明。实际上,构建有效的智慧城市架构是实现智慧城市愿景的基础。有效的智慧城市架构有助于提高城市居民的创造力,大学和科研机构的研发能力,将城市打造为学习和创新的沃土,实现智慧城市愿景。针对这一问题,本文通过国外文献整理和中国情况分析相结合的方式,提出了符合中国国情的智慧城市建设的"三层四柱"架构。最后,现有研究在智慧城市建模方面存在缺口。实际上,智慧城市研究是一项系统工程,为了更好地理解系统结构和特征,需要建模进行分析,从而理清和量化智慧城市建设过程中涉及关键要素及其之间的逻辑关系,从而为实践提供工具。针对这一问题,本文提出了一个可供未来研究不断探索的模型。综上所述,本文针对现有研究缺乏智慧城市愿景、架构和模型的系统性思考,阻碍了我国智慧城市建设的问题,通过多来源数据(国外资料、国内省市调研和资料收集)相结合以助质性分析的方法,识别了智慧城市的愿景、架构与模型。一方面,弥补了现有智慧城市战略研究较少且不系统的问题,有助于对智慧城市建设的研究,本文2012年在中国工程院二次会议上宣讲,得到与会中外代表的赞许。;另一方面,对智慧城市建设提供了方向上的指引和战略结构上的建议,有助于建设智慧城市的实际工作。

Urban developments are facing the rapid change of the environment, economy, and society. The main reason is that, the cities do not develop a system of self-regulation and sustainable development. The future of urban development must follow the road of muhiple sustainable development. Thus, the concept of the smart city comes out. Domestic and foreign governments are actively involved in the construction of smart city. But there is still lack of systematic thinking and study on the smart city vision, architecture and model, which hinders the development of smart city in China. The urgent in-depth study need to be conducted according to China＇s national conditions. First, the industry and academia lack in-depth research and consensus on smart city vision. In fact, the vision of smart city is a fundamental premise of smart urban construction. It determines the strategic objectives of the smart city and affects the behavior of resource allocation. In order to solve this problem, this paper conducts the analysis of an preliminary study, and investigates in several provinces and cities, ultimately puts forward the vision and strategic objectives with Chinese characteristics of the smart city, namely the ＂economic-social-ecological＂ sustainable development, which ultimately meets the residents a sense of security and well-being in cities. Secondly, there is lack of architecture of study of smart city under China＇s national conditions. In fact, a smart city architecture is the basis of realizing the vision of smart city. The effective architecture of smart city helps to enhance the creativity of urban residents, universities and research institutions, and makes the city a fertile ground for learning and innovation. To solve this problem, this article analyzes the foreign literatures and considers the Chinese situation, then advances a ＂three-layer ＆ four- poster＂ architecture of the smart city. Finally, there are existing research gaps in the smart city modeling. In fact, the research on smart city is a systematic project. To a better understanding of the system structure and characteristics, modeling analysis is needed, in order to clarify and quantify the smart city-building process, thus provide tools for practice. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an model for alternative future studies. In summary, motivated by a lack of systemic thinking of the vision, architecture and model of smart city in both academia and industry, this paper conducts a qualitative analysis of the identification smart city vision, architecture, and mode through multi-source data collection （foreign literatures ＆ domestic investigations）. On the one hand, this paper makes up for less system thinking of the existing smart city strategic studies, which contributes greatly to existing research. On the other hand, this article provides direction, guidance and recommendations on building-up the smart city, which is one of the precious issue in China as well as world cities.