论科学中的信念

A Discussion on Belief in Science

本文首先通过分析科学研究的实际过程，指出不管是笛卡尔的理性主义还是休谟经验主义怀疑论都不能排除科学中的信念。这些信念分“常识”，“科学见识”和“世界观”三个层次，在科学中，各自发挥不同程度的作用。然后，从科学规范的形成和作用，科学理论的评价和社会对科学的影响说明科学中的信念是怎样形成和发挥作用的。最后，阐述了科学中的信念与科学研究的内在联系，科学是在信念和怀疑的辩证运动中向前发展的。

This paper, firstly, shows that both rationalism of Descartes and empirical scepti cism of Hume can not rule out the belief in science by means of analyzing the process of scientific research. There are kinds of beliefs that are common sense, scientific sense and worldview in science. They play different roles respectively in the development of science from the empirical to the theoretical, and again to the highly theorized. Sec ondly, it discusses the ways of formation and function of belief in science by the analy ses of the formation and function of paradigms of science, the assessment of scientific theories and the impact of society on science. Finally, it elaborates that the belief in science intrinsically relates to the scientific research, that the program of universal scepticism can only lead to nihilism in the end,and that the development of science is in the process of dialectical movement for bellef and scepticism