硼酚醛改性阻燃水性聚氨酯的制备及表征

Preparation and Characterization of Flame Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane Modified with Boron Phenolics

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚(N-210)、硼酚醛(FB)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)等为主要原料合成了一系列硼酚醛阻燃改性的水性聚氨酯。通过对样品进行红外、吸水率、拉伸、热分析(TGA)、极限氧指数(LOI)、微型燃烧量热(MCC)等测试,研究了硼酚醛的加入对水性聚氨酯乳液稳定性、耐水性、力学性能、热性能、阻燃性能的影响。测试结果表明:一定含量的硼酚醛的加入使得聚氨酯的耐水性、拉伸强度和硬度得到提高,热稳定性显著提高,热分解速率明显降低,残炭率显著增加。当硼酚醛含量占聚氨酯预聚体质量分数10%时,氧指数为29%,聚氨酯材料由易燃变为难燃。聚氨酯的阻燃性能得到很大提高,UL-94垂直燃烧测试结果显示,聚氨酯的阻燃性能已达到UL-94V-1级。

A range of flame retardant waterborne polyurethane emulsion modilfied by horon phenolic （FB） , were synthesized with polyether diols （ N - 210） , isophorone diisocyanate （IPDI） , boron phenolic （ FB）, 1 ,4 -butanediol （ BDO）, trimethylolpropane （ TMP）, and dimethylol propionic acid （ DMPA ） as the basic monomers. The influence of the amount of FB on polyurethane （PU） emulsion stability, water re- sistanre, meehanieal property, thermal properties, and flame - retardant properties was investigated by FF - IR, water absorplion, tensile test, pendulum hardness test, thermal analysis （TGA） , limiting oxygen index （LOI） , micro -combustion calorimetry （MCC） , and so on. The experiment results indicated that, with the reasonable addition of FB, both the water absorption and heat decomposition rate of polyurethane were re- duced, tensile strength, hardness and thermal stability were improved, while the carbon yieht obviously in- ereased. The LOI was 29% and UL-94 vertical burn test showed that the flame retardancy of polyurethane had reached UL-94V -I, when the mass fraction of FB was 10% in the prepolymer. Therefore, the flam- mable polyurethane material became nonflammble, and its flame -retardant performance was greatly im- proved.