酶催化法合成单甘酯的研究进展

Research progress in lipase - catalyzed synthesis of monoacylglycerol

单甘酯是一种重要的非离子型表面活性剂,分子结构上兼有亲水基团和亲油基团,由于单甘酯具有良好的乳化、分散、稳定作用,被广泛用于食品工业,特别是用于乳化剂和其它食品添加剂。酶催化法合成单甘酯是上世纪80年代的新兴技术,近年来,随着生物学和化学合成技术的高速发展,越来越多的研究学者开始尝试采用酶催化法取代传统化学法合成单甘酯。本文首先简要地概述了化学法和酶催化法的特点,并重点介绍了酶催化法合成单甘酯的反应方法和反应体系,其中反应方法主要有酯化、甘油解、水解和酯交换法,反应体系主要有机溶剂、无溶剂、固相、反向胶束和超临界CO_2反应体系。最后,对酶催化法合成单甘酯目前存在的问题做出了总结,对其未来的发展作出了展望。

Monoacylglyceroi is an important nonionic surfactant that has both hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups, due to its good properties in emulsion,dispersion and stabilization.Monoacylglyceroi has a wide range of application in food industry,such as food emulsifiers and food additives.The synthetic technology of lipase - catalyzed synthesis of monoacyglycerol started 1980s and is considered a novel technology.In recent years,with the development of biological and chemical synthesis technology,enzymatic method gradually substitutes chemical method.In this paper,the characteristics of chemical method and enzymatic method are introduced.Several different enzymatic methods such as esterification,glycerolysis,hydrolysis and transesterification are reported.As reaction systems,organic solvent,solvent—free,solid-phase,reverse micelles and super critical carbon monoxide are introduced.At last,the problems and the prospects of the future development are proposed.