101例药疹住院患者情况分析

Drug Eruptions in Inpatients: 101 Cases Analysis

目的:探讨药疹患者的临床特点、药疹的诱发因素及防治策略,并就患者因住院产生的医疗总费用做经济学评价,为国家建立药害赔偿机制提供参考。方法:采用回顾性分析法,对2009年1月—2011年5月我院101例药疹住院患者的基本情况及药疹的潜伏期、致病药、类型、治疗和转归进行回顾性分析,对因药疹就医而造成的所有医疗费用及住院时间进行调查分析和经济学评价。结果:101例药疹患者中,男性39例,女性62例;明确致敏药的患者82例,有明确潜伏期的患者85例,2种以上联合用药的患者65例。抗菌药物引起的药疹最多见,占44.55%。常见皮疹类型为发疹型、荨麻疹型、多形红斑型。101例药疹患者的平均医疗费用为3 712.22元,平均住院时间为9.5d。结论:药疹的发病机制及致病因素较复杂,易给患者造成危害和经济负担,早期识别和及时停药、合理处置具有临床和经济学的双重价值。国家应逐步建立和完善药害赔偿机制。

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the clinical feature,predisposing factors and prevention of drug eruptions,and perform economic evaluation on the total costs for drug eruptions for references of establishing compensation mechanism for drug induced sufferings in our country.METHODS： From Jan.2009 to May 2011,a total of 101 drug eruption cases in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed with regard to patients＇ general data,the latency of drug eruption,the causal drugs,types of drug eruption and its management and outcome.Meanwhile,the hospitalization cost and the length of hospital stay for patients with drug eruption were surveyed and evaluated pharmacoeconomically.RESULTS： Of the total 101 cases,39 were male and 62 female,with the causative drugs identified in 82 cases;85 cases had definite latency and 65 used at least two drugs concurrently.The drug eruptions were mostly induced by antibiotics,accounting for 44.55%.The drug eruptions were commonly presented as measles-or scarlet fever-like type,urticaria type,and erythema polymorphe type.The average medical costs for the 101 drug eruption cases stood at 3 712.2 Yuan and the average length of hospital stay was 9.6 days.CONCLUSION： The pathogenesis and etiological factors of drug eruptions are complicated and which are likely to cause harm and economical burden,thus early recognition of drug eruption and timely drug withdrawal,and reasonable management are of clinical and economical value.It is advisable for our country to set and improve compensation mechanism for drug induced sufferings.