3COHEN R I,EDWARDS W T,KEZER E A,et al.Serial intravenous doses of dezocine,morphine,and nalbuphine in the management of postoperative pain for outpatients[J].Anesth Analg,1993,77(3):533-539.
4朱兆华.镇痛药地佐辛.国外医药合成药生化药制剂分册,1990,11(4):251-252.
5PARSONS J K, HERGAN L A, SAKAMOTO K, et al. Efficacy of alphablockers for the treatment of ureteral stone[J]. J Urol, 2007, 177(3) :983-987.
6HOLLINGSWORTH J M, ROGERS M A, KAUF- MAN S R, et al, Medical therapy to facilitate urinary stone passage., a meta analysis[J]. Lancet, 2006, 368 (9542):1171-1179.
7SIGALA S, DELLABELLA M, MILANESEG, et al. Evidence for the presence of alpha1 adrenoceptor subtypes in the human ureter[J]. Neurourol Uro- dyn, 2005, 24(2):142-148.
8YILMAZ E, BATISLAM E, BASAR M M, et al. The comparison and efficacy of 3 different alldhal-ad- renergic blockers for distal ureteral stones [J]. J Urol, 2005, 173(6) :2010-2012.
9ERTURHAN S, ERBAGCI A, YAGCI F, et al. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of use of tamsulo- sin and/or tolterodine for medical treatment of distal ureteral stones[J]. Urology, 2007, 69(4): 633- 636.
10GRAVAS S, TZORTZIS V, KARATZAS A; et al. The use of tamsulozin as adjunctive treatment after ESWL in patients with distal ureteral stone: do we really need it? Results from a randomised study[J]. Urol Res, 2007, 35(5):231-235.
8Wimpissinger F,Türk C,Kheyfets O,et al.The silence of the stones:asymptomatic ureteral calculi[J].J Urol,2007,178(4 Pt1):1341-1344.
9Chung S D,Tai H C,Ho C H,et al.End-stage renal failure from asymptomatic bilateral ureteric stones[J].Kidney Int,2007,72(11):1416.
10Marchini G S,Vicentini F C,Mazzucchi E,et al.Silent ureteral stones:impact on kidney function-can treatment of silent ureteral stones preserve kidney function?[J]Urolog,2012,79(2):304-308.