类型学视角下的功能性言语

Metadiscourse from Typological Perspective

功能性言语的类型学研究以意义和形式两个方面的关系为起点,探讨功能性言语的人际意义所具有的认知上的普遍性和形式差异。从认知角度看,功能性言语的人际功能是人脑认知加工的产物,在认知机制上具有普遍性。人脑在加工功能性言语时,产生一个具有临时性、创造性的语义空间。在这个语义空间中,说话人同时具有两个角色:传递客观内容和主观视角;同时,人脑在生成功能性言语人际意义时存在语义凸显,表现为言语形式上的区别。各种语言中都有实现表征诠释行为的功能性言语,其表现形式各有不同。功能性言语类型学意义体现为两个方面:一是认知上的普遍性,二是言语形式上的差异。

The speaker plays the role of interpreter when conveying the discourse content in the facilitation of metadiscourse,and this is represented by metadiscourse markers,which take the forms of phrase or clause.The metadiscourse markers are restricted when realizing the interpersonal functions.The interpersonal functions that metadiscourse markers realize are universal in the cognitive perspective.The speaker＇s interpretive activities prompt the semantic meanings of the mental space when metadiscourse markers realize the interpersonal functions.The principal task of the typological study of metadiscourse is to specify the restrictions on the formal expressions of metadiscourse.This study compares the use of metadiscourse in Chinese scholarly speeches and English ones and tries to specify the linguistic restrictions.It is generally believed that the linguistic distinction of topic-salient Chinese and Subject-salient English is also true to the metadiscourse markers.This study examines this conclusion by the comparison of individual metadiscourse used in Chinese scholarly speeches and English ones.