心血管疾病住院患者饮食生糖负荷和糖类、脂肪及蛋白质摄入量的研究

Dietary glycemic load and intake of carbohydrates,fats and proteins in 118 hospitalized adult patients with cardiovascular disease

目的研究成年心血管疾病住院患者饮食生糖负荷情况及与代谢性疾病发病相关性,了解成年心血管疾病住院患者能量和糖类、脂肪及蛋白质生热营养素摄入情况。方法采用膳食回顾法估算118例成年心血管疾病住院患者的总能量及三大营养素的摄入量,根据食物血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)和糖类摄入量计算饮食生糖负荷(glycemic load,GL)。分析住院患者饮食GL的性别和年龄分布,分析不同饮食水平患者的膳食结构。结果成年心血管疾病住院患者每日膳食GL平均为256.7,老年患者平均为222.0,中、青年患者平均为278.6,中、青年患者高于老年患者。低膳食GL的患者膳食糖类供能比低,脂肪供能比高,谷薯类摄入低,脂肪摄入高,超重和肥胖发生率高。结论低膳食GL的患者粮谷类消费过低,脂肪消费过高,膳食结构不合理,以此作为患者的住院及家用饮食指导的依据,从而提供平衡、合理的膳食结构。

Objective To investigate dietary glycemic load（GL） and its correlation with the prevalence of metabolic diseases in adult inpatients with cardiovascular disease.Methods The total energy and macro-nutrient intake in 118 patients was analyzed.Dietary GL was calculated based upon the glycemic index（GI）,carbohydrate content and daily intake of individual food.Dietary patterns at different dietary GL levels and the distribution of dietary GL of these patients were analyzed.Results Average GL was higher in male patients than that in female patients,and higher in young patients than in old patients.Patients with lower dietary GL consumed inadequate carbohydrates and excessive fats,leading to higher prevalence of overweight and obesity.Conclusions Dietary GL analysis may facilitate nutrition assessment and rational diet intervention in hospitalized patients in China.