施肥水平对冬大麦干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES ON DRY MATTER,NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND TRANSFORMATION IN BARLEY

为合理利用氮肥,进一步提高大麦产量和品质,以扬饲麦3号、港啤1号、扬农啤2号和Frankin共4个品种为供试材料,研究了0(CK),90(NL),180(NM)和270kg/hm2(NH)4个氮肥水平下冬大麦干物质和氮素积累、转运及对籽粒贡献的规律。结果表明,随着施氮量的提高,大麦干物质花前积累量呈增加趋势,积累率及对籽粒的贡献率呈下降趋势,各器官的转运量在NM处理(180kg/hm2)范围内呈增加趋势,高于此范围则下降。氮素营养花前积累量和转运量各品种均呈上升趋势,花前积累率、转运率和对籽粒氮的贡献率都呈下降趋势。不同品种不同氮肥处理下大麦干物质转运量以茎秆为最大,转运率大部分以芒壳+穗轴为最高,对籽粒的贡献率以茎秆为最高。各器官氮素转运量以叶片最高,转运率以芒壳+穗轴最大,氮素转运对籽粒的贡献率以叶片最高。大麦各品种籽粒产量与施氮量呈二次曲线关系,氮素积累量与施氮量呈显著线性正相关关系。表明在本试验条件下,大麦最高产量的最佳施氮范围为212.42～261.97kg/hm2。

Four winter barley cultivars,Yangsimai 3,Gangpi 1,Yangnongpi 2 and Frankin were used to study the characteristic of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,transformation and contribution to grains in different nitrogen application rates（0,90,180 and 270kg/hm2）.The results showed that responses to the increase of N rate the dry matter accumulation preanthesis was increasing,and the rate of dry matter accumulation and its contribution to grains were decreasing.The transformation amount of organs showed an increasing trend within the NM treatment（180kg/hm2）,but a decreasing trend higher than NM.The N accumulation pre-anthesis and transformation amount were increasing,and N accumulation rate pre-anthesis,transformation rate and contribution rate to grains were decreasing.The stem dry matter transformation amount and contribution rate to grains were the largest,and rachis＋hulls transformation rate were the largest.The leaf N transformation amount and contribution rate to grains were the largest,and rachis＋hulls transformation rate were the largest.The relationship between nitrogen application rate and yield was a quadratic,and N accumulation amount were significantly positive linear relationship.Under the experimental conditions,the best fertilizer range were 212.42~261.97kg/hm2 relative to the maximum yield in barley.