反思与变革:我国刑事庭审中举证顺序的应然路径

Introspection and Reform: the Ought-to-be Path of Adducing Evidence Order in Criminal Trial

修改后的刑事诉讼法已经颁布并即将实行,新刑事诉讼法运用了大量笔墨对证据制度进行了较为全面的修改与完善,但尚显不足的是该法在关注证据制度之外,对庭审中举证和质证程序未加以改动,依然延续了原法对于举证顺序的规定。根据实践的经验反馈,庭审过程中控辩双方对证据的运用直接关涉案件的定性与量刑,而举证次序更可能对法官自由心证产生深远的影响。因此对该程序的设计不能简单停留在对证据的列举层面上,而应通过精巧的程序设计,通盘考察证据制度的基本原理,建立以物证为中心的举证模式,并尝试构建以证明逻辑作为依据,较为灵活的举证顺序。在此基础上,进一步转变举证与质证衔接观念,将警察、鉴定人、证人作证与电子证据示证等环节科学地融入到庭审证据认定中。

The amended criminal procedure law has been promulgated and is going to be enforced soon.The new criminal law has revised the evidence system intensively.Despite the changes in the evidence system,the trial of evidence and cross-examination procedures remain the same.The original law regarding the burden of proof is still being used.According to the feedback from practical experience,the way both parties use evidence can directly affect the determination of the nature of crime and sentence during the trial,and also,the order of proof can have a deep impact on the free evaluation of evidence through inner conviction.Therefore the design of the procedure cannot just remain on the evidence citing level,but it should also investigate the basic principle of the evidence system and establish a method of burden of proof that is evidence-centered.Also,a more flexible sequence of burden of proof which uses proving logic should be constructed.On this basis,further changes on the burden of proof and cross examination should be made.Police,expert witnesses,eye-witnesses and electronic evidences can be called upon to improve the validity of evidence presented in court.