“礼尚往来”:日常生活中的礼物馈赠——以民国时期上海知识分子为例(1927-1937)

"Giving and Taking":Gifts Given in Everyday Life——Taking Shanghai Intellectuals in the Republic of China as an Example(1927-1937)

考察1927-1937年间上海知识分子日常生活中的礼物馈赠行为可见,知识分子的礼物馈赠行为既涵括了上海地方习俗文化的特点,又具有知识分子自身群体的行为特征。互赠书籍、相片与字画等礼物,成为相互之间表示友好、信任,构建认同感与强化私人社会关系网络的重要途径。装饰摆设品类型的礼物旨在加深社会关系网络的建构,生活日用品旨在巩固已经成型且更具稳定性的社会关系网络。婚礼、公众与私人节假日是送礼的重要场合。在"打秋风"这一上海地方习俗中,礼物不仅因回收而失去礼物之性质,还成为赠礼者变相敛财的工具。知识分子并不主张杜绝与取缔礼物及送礼行为,而是对礼品选择、送礼对象以及送礼场合等方面提出看法,赋予礼物以文化价值。

Researching Shanghai intellectuals＇ behavior of giving and taking gifts in everyday-life during the years of 1927 to 1937, it can be seen that gifts-giving behavior of intellectuals not only includes Shanghai local customs and cultural characteristics, but also has their own behavioral characteristics. Exchange of books, photographs and crafts gift was an important way to express friendly relations and trust among intellectuals and construct the sense of identi- ty and strengthen the construction of private social network. Ornament type of gifts aimed to deepen the relationship of social network construction, daily necessities given as gifts aimed to consolidate the formed and more stable social relationship network. Wedding, public and private holidays customs of obtaining gifts of money, gifts not only lost their were important occasions to give gifts. Shanghai local nature, also became a money-making tool in disguised form. Intellectuals did not advocate eliminating and banning giving and taking gifts, but they put forward some views on the choice of gifts,objects of giving gifts and gift-giving occasion and tried to give cultural values to gifts.