土壤改良剂对马铃薯水分生产效率、产量及品质的影响

Effects of soil amendments on water productive efficiency,yield and quality of potato

【目的】探明干旱半干旱条件下,不同土壤改良剂单施及其复配对马铃薯水分生产效率、产量及品质的影响。【方法】在干旱半干旱气候条件下,以马铃薯品种"克新1号"为材料,研究了聚丙烯酸钾(PAA)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和腐殖酸(HA)3种土壤改良剂单施和复配处理对马铃薯水分生产效率、产量、品质及经济效益等的影响。【结果】复配和单施均能明显提高马铃薯不同生育时期0～40cm土层的土壤贮水量;增加马铃薯产量,且PAM与HA复配的增产效果最好,达32.89%。施用土壤改良剂能够提高马铃薯的水分生产效率,单施最高为PAA,较CK增加16.78kg/(mm.hm2),提高了20.08%,与单施PAM差异不显著;复配最高为PAM与HA,较CK增加37.79kg/(mm.hm2),提高了45.22%。施用土壤改良剂显著降低了马铃薯的还原糖含量,提高了马铃薯的淀粉和蛋白质含量。PAM和HA复配增收效果最好,增收2 499元/hm2,其次为PAM单施,增收2 066元/hm2。【结论】综合分析认为,最佳施用技术为PAM与HA复配。

【Objective】 The study was to determine the effects of different soil amendments and their mixtures on water productive efficiency,yield and quality of potato in arid,semiarid and sub-humid areas.【Method】 ＂Kexin 1＂was chosen for arid and semi-arid climatic conditions and the soil amendments were potassium polyacrylate,polyacrylamide and humic acid.Research on water productive efficiency,yield,quality of potato,and economic benefit were concluded using different soil amendments and their mixtures.【Result】 The results showed that the application of both one amendment and a mixture of different amendments significantly increased moisture storage in 0-40 cm layer at different growth stages of potato.The yield of potato was also increased with a maximum of 32.89% using the mixture of polyacrylamide and humic acid.Water productive efficiency of potato was improved as well.Potassium polyacrylate was the best single amendment with an increase by 16.78 kg/（mm·hm2）（20.08%） compared to CK while the mixture of polyacrylamide and humic acid was the best mixed amendments with an increase by 37.79 kg/（mm·hm2）（45.22%）.Applying soil amendments significantly reduced the sugar content and increased starch content and protein content.The largest economic benefit with an increase of income by 2 499 yuan/hm2 was obtained using mixture of polyacrylamide and humic acid followed by single amendment of polyacrylamide with an increase by 2 066 yuan/hm2.【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis showed that the mixed amendments of polyacrylamide and humic acid was the best.