“保护的责任”与美国对外干预的新变化——以利比亚危机为个案

“Responsibility to Protect” and the New Features of American International Intervention:Libya Crisis as a Case Study

北约打着"保护的责任"旗号,在利比亚实现了"政权更迭",为国际社会开了一个恶劣先例。干预者滥用了"保护的责任"规范和1973号决议,也滥用了安理会的权威。国际体系的权力失衡以及"保护的责任"规范本身的不完善性,使得这一规范的实施过程打上了深刻的强权政治烙印。对美国而言,"保护的责任"的兴起既适应了美国根深蒂固的干预主义文化,也顺应了伊拉克战争后美国试图减少对外干预风险和成本的愿望。它为美国实施对外干预提供了新的途径和手段,并使之呈现出新的特征。如何使"保护的责任"避免成为一种"危险的责任",这已经成为负责任的国际行为体面临的一大难题。

NATO's intervention on Libyan crisis made a bad precedent in international society,as it made a 'regime change' under the banner of 'responsibility to protect'.The intervention abused the norm of 'responsibility to protect' and the 1973 resolution,and abused the authority of U.N.Security Council as well.Unbalance in the international power system,and the defects in the norm by itself,gave its implementation a mark of power politics.The emerging norm of 'responsibility to protect' conformed to America's deep-rooted culture of interventionism,as well as its desire to reduce the risk and cost in international intervention.It provides new ways and means for U.S.intervention,and makes it some new features.For responsible international actor,how to avoid 'responsibility to protect' reducing into a 'dangerous duty' has become a kind of difficult problem.