《归园田居》原作与译作的话语视角比较

A Comparison of Discourse Angle between the Original Poem 'Returning to Live in the Country' and Its Translations

在中国古诗中,诗人言志通常不用第一人称叙述。比较《归园田居》原作与英、法译作的话语视角,从原作叙述方式观己有我、观物无我、我众不分和感物我思等方面可以看到,原作表意的话语方式与英、法诗歌表意的话语方式存在明显差异。译作大量使用第一人称,有违原作的诗意表达意图。不过,法译者为中国学者,对原作的造境方式似有所悟解,有的诗行按原作无第一人称叙事方式传译,这对于译释无我之境的诗语句段有借鉴意义。有我之境和无我之境的表达方式差异,可以看做是中西诗歌不同的造境方式。

Although it is a Chinese poetic tradition that poetry is an expression of thought and feeling, the ancient Chinese poems usually do not use the first person pronouns to express one＇s thought and feeling. Com- paring the original poem ＇ Returning to Live in the Country＇ with its English and French translations in four as- pects, i.e. ＇ looking into oneself with a subjective vista＇, ＇ looking into objects with a non-subjective vista＇ , ＇ no differentiating narrator from other joiners＇ , and ＇ narrator＇ s thinking caused by a feeling of objects＇ , we have found that there are obvious differences in discourse method between ancient Chinese poems and their English and French translations. The original poem does not have a poetic discourse with the first person sub- ject, while their English and French translations frequently use it instead, which violates the original intention of the poem. But comparatively speaking, the translator of the French version seems to be aware of the prob- lem, who, as a Chinese scholar, tries to avoid the first person in the lines where the English one uses the first person expressions. The different uses in the poetic discourses with or without ＇ I＇ may be taken as methods of creating vista difference between Chinese and western poems.