《备急千金要方》对消渴病的认识

Knowledge on Diabetes in Beiji Qianjin Yaofang

目的:探讨《备急千金要方》治疗消渴的方法,为深入研究消渴病提供有效的资料。方法:通过对孙思邈《备急千金要方》中消渴病的深入研读,从理、法、方、药、防各个角度进行挖掘、整理和整合。总结归纳出书中对消渴病的诊治规律。结果:消渴大致有偏实证和偏虚证两大类。偏实证分为胃肠实热证和肾实证。偏虚证又分为肾气不足证、肾阴亏虚证和阴阳两虚证。治疗方法一方面强调清热养阴,以偏纠偏,运用寒凉药性纠正病之内热,达到润燥止消渴的目的。另一方面,依据阴阳互根,虚热不忌温阳。适当加温热之品,以温助肾阳,恢复肾之气化功能,既能正常输布津液,又有利于利湿泄肾浊,更利于补肾填精,做到祛邪、扶正止消渴。结论:《备急千金要方》对消渴的治疗,为诊断治疗开创更为广泛的思路和方法。

Objective ： To discuss the method of treating diabetes through reading Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang, so as to provide more effective information for further study of diabetes. Methods ： Through deeply reading and studying Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang wrote by Sun Simiao, ex- cavating, collecting and analyzing it from the aspects of theory, law, prescription, Chinese medicine and prevention then summarizing and concluding the diagnosis and treatment law for treating diabetes of this book. Results： Syndrome of diabetes could be roughly divided into partial excess syndrome and partial deficiency syndrome. Partial excess syndrome could be further divided into types of excessive heat in stomach and intestine and excessive syndrome in kidney, while partial deficiency syndrome could be further divided into types of deficiency of kidney qi, deficiency of kidney yin and deficiency of yin-yang. For the treatment method, on one hand, it emphasized clearing heat and nourishing yin, and correcting partial deviation with partial rectification, namely, to rectify internal heat of disease by applying medicine with cold characteristics, in order to moisten dryness and remove diabetes;on the other hand, deficiency-heat disease could be treated by method of warming according to interdependence of yin and yang. Properly using warming drugs could warming and supporting kidney-yang, recovering gasification function of kidney, which could transport body fluid normally and be beneficial for removing damp- ness and discharging kidney turbidness, furthermore,it was good for tonifying kidney and replenishing essence to strengthen healthy qi, eliminate evil qi and treat diabetes. Conclusion： Treatment of diabetes by Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang provides more wide thoughts and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.