从“所说”到“言说”——勒维纳斯语言观的他者之维

From the Said to the Saying: The Dimension of the Other in Levinas’ Doctrine of Language

勒维纳斯认为海氏的语言观仍然属于传统语言观,把语言看作所说,从而把别于存在、他者归属于存在、自我。然而,语言首先应该是言说,言说比所说更加原始,言说是对他者之脸的回应,是趋向、亲近他者,是为他者负责,因而语言具有伦理内涵。勒维纳斯对所说的否定、对言说的过度强调,并在自己的文本中加以实践,导致他的表达变得非常艰深。

Because Heidegger links language with being, Levinas thinks that Heidegger’s concept of language is still a traditional one, which takes language as the said. In this way, the non-being is subject to being and the other subject to the ego. According to Levinas, language is the saying primarily; the saying is more original than the said; the saying is the response to the other’s visage; it approaches and comes close to the other, and is responsible for the other. Thereby Levinas gives language ethical significance. The expression in his writings is very difficult because of the practice of the negation of the said and the overemphasis on the saying.