关于公益诉讼的若干理论问题反思

Theoretical Reflection on Public Interest Litigation

公益诉讼是一种不同于传统私人诉讼模式的一种全新类型的诉讼,是民众干预公共生活的一种新的制度储备。在这一概念的界定中,应当以"诉讼请求分析法"来区分公益诉讼和私益诉讼,前者的诉讼请求中应以确认性请求、停止侵害请求为主。公益诉讼具有唤起民众对公共事务的关心、促进"休眠状态"法律法规执行,制止违法行为的未来发生和促进公益组织发展等诸多功能。我国现阶段并不存在真正意义上的"行政公益诉讼"。

Public interest litigation is a new type of litigation different from traditional private litigation. It also provides a new system in which the common people can influence the public life. In definition, public interest litigation and private interest litigation should be distinguished according to 'litigation request analysis'. The requests of public interest litigation should mainly be confirmation request or the request to stop infringements. Public interest litigation has many functions such as arousing the common people’s care for public affairs, making 'dormant' laws and regulations to execute, stopping illegal acts in future and promoting the development of public welfare organizations. However, there is no real 'administrative public interest litigation' in today’s China.